Pharmacogenomics and nutrigenomics: synergies and differences

Ghosh, Dilip K.; Skinner, Margot A.; Laing, William A.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602590

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 389 publications

(367 reference statements)

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“…Além disso, polimorfismo no gene APOA1, principal apoproteína da HDL (lipoproteína de alta densidade), pode influenciar a forma pela qual os níveis plasmáticos dessa lipoproteína variam em função do consumo de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados 6 . Do ponto de vista tecnológico, o surgimento da nutrigenômica foi favorecido pelo impressionante desenvolvimento das ferramentas ômicas ocorrido na última década, muito em parte devido ao Projeto Genoma Humano 9,14 . Alguns autores definem, inclusive, nutrigenômica como a aplicação de ferramentas de genômica funcional na área de nutrição 4,6 .…”

Section: N T R O D U ç ã Ounclassified

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Nutrição no pós-genoma: fundamentos e aplicações de ferramentas ômicas

2008

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Após seqüenciamento do genoma humano, os estudos genômicos têm se voltado à elucidação das funções de todos os genes, bem como à caracterização de suas interações com fatores ambientais. A nutrigenômica surgiu no contexto do pós-genoma humano e é considerada área-chave para a nutrição nesta década. Seu foco de estudo baseia-se na interação gene-nutriente. Esta ciência recente tem como objetivo principal o estabelecimento de dietas personalizadas, com base no genótipo, para a promoção da saúde e a redução do risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis como as cardiovasculares, o câncer, o diabetes, entre outras. Nesse contexto, é fundamental a aplicação na área de nutrição das ferramentas de genômica funcional para análise do transcritoma (transcritômica), do proteoma (proteômica) e do metaboloma (metabolômica). As aplicabilidades dessas metodologias em estudos nutricionais parecem ilimitadas, pois podem ser conduzidas em cultura de células, modelos de experimentação em animais, estudos pré-clinicos e clínicos. Tais técnicas apresentam potencial para identificar biomarcadores que respondem especificamente a um determinado nutriente ou composto bioativo dos alimentos e para estabelecer as melhores recomendações dietéticas individuais para redução do risco das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e promoção da saúde.

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Section: N T R O D U ç ã Ounclassified

“…A grande vantagem dessas tecnologias é a possibilidade de analisar diferentes sistemas de forma global 14 . Nesse sentido, seu uso possibilita aos pesquisadores na área de nutrição elucidar questões complexas a respeito da interação gene-nutriente 7 .…”

Section: N T R O D U ç ã Ounclassified

Nutrição no pós-genoma: fundamentos e aplicações de ferramentas ômicas

2008

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“…It is based on two main observations: (1) the nutritional environment modifies the expression of genes, and (2) depending on the genotype of an individual, the metabolism of nutrients may vary and ultimately result in a different health status [3]. Thus, nutrigenomics treats food as a major environmental factor in the gene-environment interaction, with the final aim to individualize or personalize food and nutrition, and ultimately individual strategies to preserve health, by tailoring the food to the individual genotype, similarly to the way pharmacogenetics would personalise therapeutic approaches by tailoring drugs to the individuals' genetic background [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenomics: a case for the common soil between cardiovascular disease and cancer

Iacoviello¹,

Santimone²,

Latella³

et al. 2008

Genes Nutr

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The border between health and disease is often set by a complex equilibrium between two elements, genetics on one hand, lifestyle on the other, To know it better, means to give new weapons, often crucial, in the hands of the doctors and their patients. It also means to adjust therapies, to find out which drug is good for a patient and which prevention strategy will work better for him/her. Nutrigenomics is an approach to individualize or personalize food and nutrition, and ultimately health, by tailoring the food to the individual genotype. In this review, we present the interaction between certain genetic polymorphisms and diet and increased cardiovascular or cancer risk. It is, indeed, now clear that a large number of bioactive food components may provide risk or protection at several stages of both atherosclerosis and cancer formation processes. We are giving here few examples of gene-food interactions relevant for both the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer, since a common soil could exist in the genesis of cardiovascular disease and of some types of cancer (mainly gastrointestinal tract and hormonedependent).

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“…Researchers agree that nutrigenomics shall be considered the study of both the genetic factors influencing organisms' response to diet (Low and Tai, 2007) and the effects of food on the host genome and gene expression (Ozdemir and Godard, 2007;Roy et al, 2007;Ye et al, 2007). Like pharmacogenomics when thinking about drugs, nutrigenomics shall be used in the near future to predict the very best relationship between the genome and particular nutrients, trying to measure the amounts and different kinds of nutrients that would be preferred for a given individual in order that his/her metabolism work as well as possible (Fenech, 2005;Afman and Muller, 2006;Ghosh et al, 2007). Thus, nutrigenomics raises similar ethical, legal and social issues as does pharmacogenomics, particularly in regard to how the public will access nutrigenetic tests and associated nutritional advice (Castle and Ries, 2007;Ozdemir and Godard, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential amino acid usage and evolutionary nutrigenomics of eukaryotes - insights into the differential usage of amino acids in protein domains and extra-domains

2008

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ABSTRACT. Nutrigenomics studies the effects of nutrients on the genome, transcriptome and proteome of organisms, and here an evolutionary standpoint on this new discipline is presented. It is well known that metazoan organisms are unable to synthesize all amino acids necessary to produce their proteins and that these essential amino acids (EAA) must be acquired from the diet. Here, we tested the hypothesis that conserved regions such as protein domains (DM) have different essentiality indexes and use different sets of amino acids when compared to extra-domains (ED) and proteins without mapped domains (WD). We found that auxotrophic organisms have a tendency to use less EAAs in DM than do prototrophic ones. Looking into the amino acid usage of eukaryotic proteins downloaded from KEGG and COG, we showed that WD have a usage of amino acids closer to DM, which suggests that proteins without mapped domains behave as large domains. Using an ED index that shows the proportion of prevalent amino acids in ED, a differential usage of amino acids in domains versus extra-domains was demonstrated. Protein domains were shown to be enriched with a higher number of EAA, and it may be related to the fact that these amino acids had lost their biosynthetic pathways in metazo- ans during a great amino acid pathway deletion, followed by a nutritional constraint that may have happened close to the conquest of the terrestrial environment. Thus, the proportion of EAA outside domains could have decreased during evolution due to nutritional constraints.

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Pharmacogenomics and nutrigenomics: synergies and differences

Cited by 30 publications

References 389 publications

Nutrição no pós-genoma: fundamentos e aplicações de ferramentas ômicas

Nutrição no pós-genoma: fundamentos e aplicações de ferramentas ômicas

Nutrigenomics: a case for the common soil between cardiovascular disease and cancer

Essential amino acid usage and evolutionary nutrigenomics of eukaryotes - insights into the differential usage of amino acids in protein domains and extra-domains

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