Pharmacognostic Standardization of the Leaf and Stem bark of Millingtonia hortensis Linn. (Bignoniaceae)

Abstract

Millingtonia hortensis Linn. (Bignoniaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases such as fever, asthma, and microbial infections. This study aimed to investigate the quality control parameters of the leaf and stem bark of Millingtonia hortensis for proper authentication and to prevent adulteration. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, phytochemical, physicochemical, fluorescence properties, and heavy metal content of the leaf and stem bark of M. hortensis were determined using WHO-approved standard protocols and other published methods. The macroscopic and microscopic results showed imparipinnate compound leaves and oppositely arranged leaflets which are deltoid in shape with serrated margins. The outer stem bark is rough and brittle with fissures and ridges. The microscopic characteristics of the leaf show anomocytic stomata and wavy-walled epidermal cells. Saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids were detected in both leaf and stem bark. The physicochemical results were within published acceptable limits. Heavy metals such as chromium and arsenic were not detected in both leaves and stem bark. The results of this study establish the identity, purity, and safety of M. hortensis.