Pharmacognostical Evaluation, In-vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Arthritic Activities of Sageraea laurina Dalzell

Abstract

Aim: Present investigation performed pharmacognostical evaluation, extraction, and evaluation of anti-inflammatory as well as anti-arthritic activities of Sageraea laurina Dalzell leaves. Materials and methods: Pharmacognostical evaluation was carried out for morphology and microscopy of Sageraea laurina Dalzell leaf and its powder, followed by determination of proximate values. Ethanolic (SLLE) as well as aqueous extract of leaves (SLLA) were evaluated for phytochemical screening, and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity against MMP-2 (gelatinase-A) along with MMP-9 (gelatinase-B) by gelatin zymography as well as in-vitro anti-arthritic activity by egg albumin protein denaturation approach. Total phenolic as well as flavonoid content of extract were assessed. Percentage inhibition for protein denaturation was calculated. Results: Microscopical study of leaves showed presence of abaxial midrib, palisade parenchyma cells, phloem elements, xylem elements, spongy parenchyma, cystoliths, lithocysts, glandular trichomes, collenchyma cells thick lamina diacytic type of stomata and vessel elements. Phytochemical screening divulged existence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, saponin glycosides, tannins and phenolic compounds. Copious of phenolic compounds were noted in SLLE which were 89.42mg gallic acid equivalent/g (GAE/g dry weight) along 86.21mg QUE/g quercetin equivalent /g (QUE/g dry weight). Coomasie blue staining revealed proteolysis sites as translucent bands on dark blue background. Percentage inhibition for anti-inflammatory activity for SLLE against MMP-2 and MMP-9 was found to be 62% and 56% respectively, for SLLA against MMP-2 and MMP-9 was found to be 34% and 32% respectively. Egg albumin denaturation method, displayed percentage inhibition at concentration of 500µg/ml for SLLE and SLLA 74.14 and 60.30 respectively, standard drug diclofenac sodium at same concentration was found to be 84.53%. It was found that SLLE was more potent in inhibition of egg albumin denaturation than diclofenac sodium. Conclusion: Findings of present investigation revealed possession of significant in-vitro anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities by Sageraea laurina Dalzell leaves and serves as a natural biomedicinal remedial agent treating inflammation and rheumatism.