Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Costus woodsonii

Abstract

Background: Herbal medicine mostly contains wide range of chemical compounds responsible for medicinal therapeutic use. Costus woodsonii is commonly called as Red Button Ginger and synonyms of the botanical name are Costus spiralis, Alpinia spiralis and Costus pisonis. In Malay, it is known as Setawar Halia Merah. In Chinese, it is known as Hong Bi Qiao Jiang. Objective: This research was conducted to study the pharmacognostical, phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of C. woodsonii leaf extracts. Method: Macroscopy, microscopy, phytochemical analysis, thin layer chromatography, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of C. woodsonii leaf were carried out. Total flavonoids were estimated in the leaf extract. The total phenolic content of C. woodsonii leaf was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity of leaf extract of C. woodsonii was determined by performing DPPH radical scavenging. The microbial activity was determined by Well diffusion test, MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) test. Result and Discussion: C. woodsonii belongs to costaceae with elliptical green leaves. Till now are no extensive studies on C. woodsonii. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid, steroid, fat, phenol, tannin and mucilage in leaf extract. Physicochemical studies further revealed the ash value of leaf as 8.7%. Among the three extractions, alcohol extractive values showed the highest as 13%. Loss on drying at 105 degree Celsius in leaf was found to be 12.67%. The plant extract showed total phenolic content of 7.941 mg GAE/g at concentration of 5µg/ml. As for flavonoids content, plant extract showed 21.7 mg RE/g at concentration of 200µg/ml and 43.4 mg RE/g at concentration of 400µg/ml. For antioxidant activity, the plant extract showed weak antioxidant activity in DPPH scavenging activity assay. For antimicrobial test, the leaf extract of C. woodsonii showed weak antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: From this study, it can conclude that C. woodsonii leaf extract possess weak antioxidant activity and weak antimicrobial activity which need to be further validated by using more antioxidant assays and antimicrobial tests.

Sequential extraction of red button ginger ( Costus woodsonii ): Phytochemical screening and antioxidative activities

“…From Table 2, total phenolic content (TPC) of C. woodsonii ranged from 60.41 ± 9.15 to 249.64 ± 2.83 mg GAE/100 g. Higher TPC of C. woodsonii methanolic extracts was reported in leaves and inflorescences, which were 617 and 607 mg GAE/100 g, respectively (Tan et al., 2020). The ethanolic leave extracts of C. woodsonii was discovered to contain 7.94 mg GAE/g (Sikarwar et al., 2019), which is relatively higher than bract investigated in this study. Besides, methanolic extracts had the significantly ( p ≤ .05) the highest TPC as compared to extracts of other solvents, which were 249.64 ± 2.83 and 137.25 ± 2.10 mg GAE/100 g for FP(M) and CP(M), respectively (Table 2).…”

“…The DPPH radical‐scavenging activity of C. woodsonii bract ranged from 50.38 ± 0.98% to 78.76 ± 0.97%. Ethanolic leave extracts of C. woodsonii was reported to exhibit 33.75% DPPH scavenging activity (Sikarwar et al., 2019) while methanolic extract of C. woodsonii leaves, rhizomes, stems, and inflorescences were 316.4, 90.8, 30.1, and 233.7 mg AA/100 g, respectively (Tan et al., 2020). No significant difference ( p > .05) was recorded for C. woodsonii extracted from methanol and ethyl acetate solvents, indicating both solvents have equivalent high extraction efficiency of antioxidative compounds.…”

“…A recent work evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extracts of different parts of C. woodsonii (leaves, inflorescence, rhizome, and stem) and reported the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP) activities (Tan, Tan, Lee, & Lim, 2020). Besides, C. woodsonii leaf extracts revealed the presence of flavonoid, steroid, phenolic, tannin, and mucilage but weak DPPH scavenging activity (Sikarwar, Szeek, & Paliwal, 2019). The methanolic leave extract demonstrated antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus aureus strains (Tan et al., 2020) but weak antimicrobial activity was reported from ethanolic extract in different bacteria strains (Sikarwar et al., 2019).…”

“…Besides, C. woodsonii leaf extracts revealed the presence of flavonoid, steroid, phenolic, tannin, and mucilage but weak DPPH scavenging activity (Sikarwar, Szeek, & Paliwal, 2019). The methanolic leave extract demonstrated antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus aureus strains (Tan et al., 2020) but weak antimicrobial activity was reported from ethanolic extract in different bacteria strains (Sikarwar et al., 2019). Interestingly, the ethanolic extract of C. woodsonii leaves has been reported to exhibit antidiabetic effect in Alloxan‐induced diabetic mice, indicating its potent hypoglycemic effect (Magtulis, Itable, & Man, 2019).…”