Pharmacognostical Sources of Popular Medicine To Treat Alzheimer’s Disease

Kalász, Huba; Ojha, Shreesh; Tekes, Kornélia; Szöke, Éva; Rajesh, Mohanraj; Fahim, Mohamed; Adeghate, Ernest; Adem, Abdu

doi:10.2174/1874104501812010023

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“… 44 One 2018 review noted that clinical trials were ‘still ongoing’. 45 Other major caveats, including with other cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil and rivastigmine, included that they are effective for a maximum of about 3 years, and also that they treated only AD symptoms, not the disease itself. 46 Other caveats are still being reported: galanthamine treatment is ‘still saddled with numerous side effects’.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical impact of high-profile animal-based research reported in the UK national pressClinical impact of high-profile animal-based research reported in the UK national press

Bailey¹,

Balls²

2020

BMJ Open Science

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ObjectivesWe evaluated animal-based biomedical ‘breakthroughs’ reported in the UK national press in 1995 (25 years prior to the conclusion of this study). Based on evidence of overspeculative reporting of biomedical research in other areas (eg, press releases and scientific papers), we specifically examined animal research in the media, asking, ‘In a given year, what proportion of animal research “breakthroughs”’ published in the UK national press had translated, more than 20 years later, to approved interventions?’MethodsWe searched the Nexis media database (LexisNexis.com) for animal-based biomedical reports in the UK national press. The only restrictions were that the intervention should be specific, such as a named drug, gene, biomedical pathway, to facilitate follow-up, and that there should be claims of some clinical promise.Main outcome measuresWere any interventions approved for human use? If so, when and by which agency? If not, why, and how far did development proceed? Were any other, directly related interventions approved? Did any of the reports overstate human relevance?ResultsOverspeculation and exaggeration of human relevance was evident in all the articles examined. Of 27 unique published ‘breakthroughs’, only one had clearly resulted in human benefit. Twenty were classified as failures, three were inconclusive and three were partially successful.ConclusionsThe results of animal-based preclinical research studies are commonly overstated in media reports, to prematurely imply often-imminent ‘breakthroughs’ relevant to human medicine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical impact of high-profile animal-based research reported in the UK national pressClinical impact of high-profile animal-based research reported in the UK national press

Bailey¹,

Balls²

2020

BMJ Open Science

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“…Recently, it has been indicated that the neuropharmacological properties of phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants may be clinically beneficial in AD ( Dey, Bhattacharya, Mukherjee, & Pandey, 2017 ). So, an increasing number of herbal extracts and active plant constituents have been investigated for their protective effects on AD in recent years ( Kalász et al, 2018 ; Wang, et al,2016 ). Thymol and carvacrol, natural monoterpenoid phenols, are obtained from many plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family and have shown in vivo or in vitro activities, including antioxidant, neuroprotective, and memory enhancement ( Sharifi-Rad, 2018 ; Salehi, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Kinase C Involvement in Neuroprotective Effects of Thymol and Carvacrol Against Toxicity Induced by Amyloid-β in Rat Hippocampal Neurons

Azizi

Choopani

Salimi

et al. 2022

BCN

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Introduction: We have reported that thymol and carvacrol can improve cognitive abilities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rat model. However, the mechanism of their action is not yet fully understood. Recently, our in vitro results suggested that PC12 cell death-induced by Aβ25-35 can be protected by thymol and carvacrol via PKC and ROS pathways. So, we hypothesize that the mechanisms of thymol and carvacrol in improving the learning impairment in AD rat model may be related to their effects on PKC. So, the activity of PKC and protein expression levels of PKCα was examined in the hippocampal cells of AD rat model. Methods: To examine thymol and carvacrol effects, we performed behavioral test in AD rat model induced by Aβ25–35 neurotoxicity. To access the underlying mechanism of protective effects, western blotting was performed with antibodies against PKCα. We also measured PKC activity assay by Elisa. Histopathological studies were carried out in hippocampus by hematoxylin & eosin (H&E). Results: It was shown that escape latency increased in Aβ-received rats compared to control group and thymol and carvacrol reversed this deficit. Furthermore, these compouds could enhance PKC activity, and increase the PKCα expression ratio. Moreover, H&E showed that Aβ caused shrinkage of the CA1 pyramidal neurons. However, thymol and carvacrol treatments could prevent this effect of Aβ peptides. Conclusions: This study suggests that Aβ results in memory decline and histochemical disturbances in hippocampus. Moreover, these results revealed that thymol and carvacrol could have protective effects on cognition in AD-like models via PKC activation.

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“…Galantamine, an Amaryllidaceae type alkaloid, is a long acting, selective, reversible and competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine and hence increases synaptic acetylcholine levels. It can be obtained from the genera Amaryllis 72 , Hymenocallis 73 Galanthus, 74 Hippeastrum, 75 Lycoris, 76,77 Haemanthus 78 , Ungernia, 79 Leucojum, 80,81 Zephyranthes 82 and Narcissus. 78,83,84 Galantamine has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to alleviate cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer"s disease 85,86 and also has potential efficacy in the treatment of cocaine use disorder.…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds Galantaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

TJNPR

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Nicotine use disorders, which are typically acquired through tobacco smoking, are a global problem and a leading cause of preventable deaths. Unfortunately, the available therapies intended for tobacco smoking cessation have varying efficacy among smokers in addition to some adverse effects observed. These factors, alongside the cost of such therapies deemed as a financial burden by some, contribute to the failure to meet patients" needs. This necessitates the many studies being conducted on the possible use of natural products in the treatment of nicotine use disorders to address such issues. Therefore, this review aims to discuss published data documenting the effects of plant extracts and bioactive compounds on nicotine-induced reactions and nicotine use disorders by looking into the different effects, possible mechanisms, and the putative targets of these selected natural products. A total of 21 natural products and bioactive compounds were obtained from searches across PubMed, Ovid Medline and Scopus databases which comprised of studies performed in vitro and in vivo as well as human trials. These data suggest that these natural products may have the potential to be utilized to treat nicotine use disorders. Undoubtedly, more detailed studies are still required to resolve conflicting or inconclusive outcomes from these investigations before clinical use is warranted.

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Pharmacognostical Sources of Popular Medicine To Treat Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 9 publications

References 113 publications

Clinical impact of high-profile animal-based research reported in the UK national pressClinical impact of high-profile animal-based research reported in the UK national press

Clinical impact of high-profile animal-based research reported in the UK national pressClinical impact of high-profile animal-based research reported in the UK national press

Protein Kinase C Involvement in Neuroprotective Effects of Thymol and Carvacrol Against Toxicity Induced by Amyloid-β in Rat Hippocampal Neurons

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