Pharmacokinetic and Metabolism Studies of 12-Riboside-Pseudoginsengenin DQ by UPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-QTOF-MSE

Abstract

Pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies of 12-riboside-pseudoginsengenin DQ (RPDQ), a novel ginsenoside with an anti-cancer effect, were carried out, aiming at discussing the characteristics of the ginsenoside with glycosylation site at C-12. In the pharmacokinetic analysis, we developed and validated a method by UPLC-MS to quantify RPDQ in rat plasma. In the range of 5–1000 ng/mL, the assay was linear (R2 > 0.9966), with the LLOQ (lower limit of quantification) being 5 ng/mL. The LOD (limit of detection) was 1.5 ng/mL. The deviations of intra-day and inter-day, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), were ≤ 3.51% and ≤ 5.41% respectively. The accuracy, expressed as relative error (RE), was in the range –8.82~3.47% and –5.61~2.87%, respectively. The recoveries were in the range 85.66~92.90%. The method was then applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats intragastrically administrated with 6, 12, and 24 mg/kg RPDQ. The results showed that RPDQ exhibited slow oral absorption (Tmax = 7.0 h, 7.5 h, and 7.0 h, respectively), low elimination (t1/2 = 12.59 h, 12.83 h, and 13.74 h, respectively) and poor absolute bioavailability (5.55, 5.15, and 6.08%, respectively). Moreover, the investigation of metabolites were carried out by UPLC-QTOF-MS. Thirteen metabolites of RPDQ were characterized from plasma, bile, urine, and feces of rats. Some metabolic pathways, including oxidation, acetylation, hydration, reduction, hydroxylation, glycine conjugation, sulfation, phosphorylation, glucuronidation, glutathione conjugation, and deglycosylation, were profiled. In general, both the rapid quantitative method and a good understanding of the characteristics of RPDQ in vivo were provided in this study.

Potential value and chemical characterization of gut microbiota derived nitrogen containing metabolites in feces from Periplaneta americana (L.) at different growth stages

“…Among these studies, most of reports focused on the community composition and structural changes of P. americana gut microbiota 42 , while reports were limited on the gut microbiota metabolites from P. americana . Similarly, various strategies for detecting metabolites from feces by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 43 and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 44 have been reported. Nonetheless, studies on the rapid detection and precise quantitative analysis of NCMs have been rarely reported.…”

High-Frequency Heating Extraction Method for Sensitive Drug Analysis in Human Nails

“…Blood, urine, and gastric contents are commonly used for drug analysis in forensic and clinical toxicology, and allow for a relatively easy estimation of toxicological risk [1,2,3,4]. However, when these samples are not available, such as after the putrefaction and decomposition of the body, hair and nails can be used as alternative samples for forensic and biomedical analysis [5,6].…”