Pharmacokinetic characteristics of danofloxacin in green sea (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill sea (Eretmochelys imbricata) turtles

Abstract

Nowadays, the growth rate of sea turtles is declining as a result of an ecological regime shift that has been underway since the late 1990s and is being exacerbated by cumulative impacts, such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation and increasing sea surface temperature (Bjorndal, 2017). Even anthropogenic factors are playing a primary role in reducing the numbers of sea turtles. Indeed, the primary cause of mortality of sea turtles is spontaneous diseases (26.88%), including distinct types of pneumonia, hepatitis, meningitis, septicemic processes, and neoplasm, but there have also been significant impacts from human activities, such as boat-strike injuries (23.66%),

Pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) after intramuscular injection

“…This difference may reflect species differences in the number and type of plasma protein binding sites or their affinity for this drug (Lin, 1995). However, the plasma protein binding of DNX in freshwater crocodiles (C. siamensis) was in agreement with green sea (82.21%) and hawksbill (85.62%) turtles (Wanmad et al, 2022).…”

“…This might be explained by the low elimination rate constant (0.014 and 0.010 h −1 , after 6 and 12 mg/kg b.w., respectively) and the slow clearance rate. However, the overall rate of elimination was longer than in red‐eared slider (32 h, Corum et al, 2019), loggerhead (14.70 h, Marín et al, 2008), green sea (37.68 h) and hawksbill turtles (29.97 h; Wanmad et al, 2022) after i.m. administration.…”

“…in freshwater crocodiles ( C. siamensis ). Pharmacokinetic studies of DNX have been described in some reptiles, including red‐eared slider turtles (Corum et al, 2019), loggerhead turtles (Marín et al, 2008), green sea and hawksbill turtles (Wanmad et al, 2022). However, there has been no publication on the pharmacokinetics of DNX in crocodiles.…”

“…dose (Marín et al, 2008; Corum et al, 2019), whereas it was twice greater than in green sea (3.38 μg/ml) and hawksbill turtles (4.70 μg/ml) after i.m. administration (Wanmad et al, 2022). In contrast, T max (0.30 h) was shorter compared to two red‐eared slider and loggerhead turtles (1.5 and 1.2 h, respectively) (Marín et al, 2008; Corum et al, 2019), but it was quite similar value to green sea and hawksbill turtles (0.75 and 0.5 h, respectively).…”

“…(Papich, 2014). A number of pharmacokinetic studies have been reported for mammals, including calves (Shojaee Aliabadi et al, 2003), horses (Fernández‐Varón et al, 2006), sheep (Karademir et al, 2015), and geese (Sartini et al, 2021), but few reports including, fish (Corum et al, 2018; Terzi et al, 2020), and reptiles, (Corum et al, 2019; Marín et al, 2008; Wanmad et al, 2022). No published information exists for crocodiles.…”