Pharmacokinetic parameters of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) after intramuscular administration of nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin®) to healthy volunteers

Wijnand, Herman P.; Bosch, A. M. G.; Donker, Catharina W.

doi:10.1530/acta.0.109s00019

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Wijnand et al 1985). 17a-alkylated steroids They act orally and most of them have a short duration of action.…”

Section: Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of anabolic steroids and a review of clinical experience with anabolic steroids

Kopera

1985

Acta Endocrinologica

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Metabolism is the term employed to embrace the various physical and chemical processes occurring within the tissues upon which the growth and heat production of the body depend and from which the energy for muscular activity, for the maintenance of vital activity and for the maintenance of vital functions is derived (Best & Taylor 1950). The destructive processes by which complex substances are converted by living cells into more simple compounds are called catabolism. Anabolism denotes the constructive processes by which simple substances are converted by living cells into more complex compounds, especially into living matter.Catabolism and anabolism are part of all metabolic processes, the carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.

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“…Wijnand et al 1985). 17a-alkylated steroids They act orally and most of them have a short duration of action.…”

Section: Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of anabolic steroids and a review of clinical experience with anabolic steroids

Kopera

1985

Acta Endocrinologica

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“…Nandrolone displays a so-called flip-flop pharmacokinetics. This means that the ascending phase of the curve represents the disposition of nandrolone, and the descending part of the curve represents the rate-limiting process of release of nandrolone decanoate from the muscle into the general circulation [ 6 ]. In clinical use, nandrolone is applicable in clinical practice for burns, radiation therapy, surgery, trauma, and various forms of anemia [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives: Androgens play a significant role in the development of male reproductive organs. The clinical use of synthetic testosterone derivatives, such as nandrolone, is focused on maximizing the anabolic effects and minimizing the androgenic ones. Class II anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), including nandrolone, are rapidly becoming a widespread group of drugs used both clinically and illicitly. The illicit use of AAS is diffused among adolescent and bodybuilders because of their anabolic proprieties and their capacity to increase tolerance to exercise. This systematic review aims to focus on side effects related to illicit AAS abuse, evaluating the scientific literature in order to underline the most frequent side effects on AAS abusers’ bodies. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature was performed using the PubMed database and the keywords “nandrolone decanoate”. The inclusion criteria for articles or abstracts were English language and the presence of the following words: “abuse” or “adverse effects”. After applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria, from a total of 766 articles, only 148 were considered eligible for the study. Results: The most reported adverse effects (found in more than 5% of the studies) were endocrine effects (18 studies, 42%), such as virilization, gynecomastia, hormonal disorders, dyslipidemia, genital alterations, and infertility; cardiovascular dysfunctions (six studies, 14%) such as vascular damage, coagulation disorders, and arteriosus hypertension; skin disorders (five studies, 12%) such as pricking, acne, and skin spots; psychiatric and mood disorders (four studies, 9%) such as aggressiveness, sleep disorders and anxiety; musculoskeletal disorders (two studies, 5%), excretory disorders (two studies, 5%), and gastrointestinal disorders (two studies, 5%). Conclusions: Based on the result of our study, the most common adverse effects secondary to the abuse of nandrolone decanoate (ND) involve the endocrine, cardiovascular, skin, and psychiatric systems. These data could prove useful to healthcare professionals in both sports and clinical settings.

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“…Nandrolone undergoes rapid first-pass metabolism rendering it not orally bioavailable. Medical usage of nandrolone requires delivery as a prodrug through intramuscular injection (Wijnand et al 1985). Norethisterone has previously been shown to have androgenic effects (Kuhl 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying environmental chemicals as agonists of the androgen receptor by using a quantitative high-throughput screening platform

et al. 2017

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The androgen receptor (AR, NR3C4) is a nuclear receptor whose main function is acting as a transcription factor regulating gene expression for male sexual development and maintaining accessory sexual organ function. It is also a necessary component of female fertility by affecting the functionality of ovarian follicles and ovulation. Pathological processes involving AR include Kennedy’s disease and Klinefelter’s syndrome, as well as prostate, ovarian, and testicular cancer. Strict regulation of sex hormone signaling is required for normal reproductive organ development and function. Therefore, testing small molecules for their ability to modulate AR is a first step in identifying potential endocrine disruptors. We screened the Tox21 10K compound library in a quantitative high-throughput format to identify activators of AR using two reporter gene cell lines, AR β-lactamase (AR-bla) and AR-luciferase (AR-luc). Seventy-five compounds identified through the primary assay were characterized as potential agonists or inactives through confirmation screens and secondary assays. Biochemical binding and AR nuclear translocation assays were performed to confirm direct binding and activation of AR from these compounds. The top seventeen compounds identified were found to bind to AR, and sixteen of them translocated AR from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Five potentially novel or not well-characterized AR agonists were discovered through primary and follow-up studies. We have identified multiple AR activators, including known AR agonists such as testosterone, as well as novel/not well-known compounds such as prulifloxacin. The information gained from the current study can be directly used to prioritize compounds for further in-depth toxicological evaluations, as well as their potential to disrupt the endocrine system via AR activation.

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Pharmacokinetic parameters of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) after intramuscular administration of nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin®) to healthy volunteers

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

The history of anabolic steroids and a review of clinical experience with anabolic steroids

The history of anabolic steroids and a review of clinical experience with anabolic steroids

Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects

Identifying environmental chemicals as agonists of the androgen receptor by using a quantitative high-throughput screening platform

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