Pharmacokinetic - pharmacodynamic model and ampicillin residue depletion after intramammary administration in cows

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of this study was to describe a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approach for determination of a rational dosage of ampicillin (AMP) and depletion of the antibiotic residues in milk after intramammary administration to cows. Material and Methods: The cows came from different farms from the Lublin Province area. They (n = 9) received 5 g of the drug, containing 75 mg of AMP sodium in physiological solution, through a syringe tube by intramammary administration. Following single intramammary administration, the milk samples (5 mL) were collected after 2, 4,6,8,10,24, 36, 48, and 60 h. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed on the Agilent 1200 system connected to an AB Sciex API 4000™ mass spectrometer. The pharmacokinetic analysis of the concentrations of the antibiotic in milk was performed using software Phoenix ® WinNonlin ® 6.4. Calculations were made in non-compartmental (slopes, highest, amounts, and moments) and compartmental analysis. Results: The pharmacokinetic characteristics of AMP after intramammary administration indicate rapid elimination of the drug from milk. The mean residence time had a several-fold lower value than the designated elimination half-life and amounts to only 3.4 h. The concentration of the drug in the milk dropped relatively quickly and the process was very dynamic. Conclusion: The conducted research confirms the rationale of using the PK/PD model in order to verify the dosing regimen for other antibiotic groups and various indicators of the applied PK/PD model.

Antibacterial Potential of Aloe vera against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from Mastitic Milk

“…The present results demonstrated that amoxicillin possessed antibacterial activity against S. aureus which is supported by previous findings [4,25]. However, the present study agreed with the previous study [13] comparison of the various concentration of gentamycin with Aloe vera crude extract.…”

“…Amoxicillin, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic commonly administered to treat clinical and subclinical mastitis in cows caused by Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. Streptococcus agalactiae and penicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus [4,5]. Since the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is increasing rapidly day by day.…”

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

“…In case of CLO, the findings confirm, to some extent, previous results on good distribution of CLO in all regions of the mammary gland (Kietzmann et al 2010). Systemic drug absorption of CEF after IMM administration was negligible in healthy animals (Cagnardi et al 2010, Burmańczuk et al 2011). Nevertheless, the majority of analyses of pharmacokinetic IMM drugs, do not consider the phenomena of drug transfer between compartments such as the udder tissue, milk or peripheral blood.…”

Characterisation of the molecular mechanisms of multiple antibiotic tolerance in growth‐arrested Cronobacter sakazakii under ampicillin exposure

“…Among the many sterilisation strategies, antibiotics such as ampicillin are still widely used in livestock and aquaculture, especially in developing nations (Burmańczuk et al ., 2016; Manyi‐Loh et al ., 2018; Van et al ., 2019; Ni et al ., 2021). Some studies have shown the existence of ampicillin residues in milk as well as aquatic products that exceed the standard (GB31650‐2019) issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) of the People's Republic of China, indicating a general overuse of ampicillin (Zhu et al ., 2010; Ni et al ., 2021).…”