Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Active Components After Oral Administration of a Kampo Medicine, Shakuyakukanzoto, to Healthy Adult Japanese Volunteers

Sadakane, Chiharu; Watanabe, Junko; Fukutake, Miwako; Nisimura, Hiroaki; Maemura, Kazuya; Kase, Yoshio; Kono, Toru

doi:10.1002/jps.24596

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, such a bimodal pattern has not been observed in the plasma when EPD is orally administered to rats15. Although the reason was unclear in this study, the bimodal distribution has been reported to be caused by several factors, such as the coexistence of the precursor16, enterohepatic circulation17, and plural absorption regions (small and large intestines)18 for the ingredients in the Kampo medicine. Why the second peaks of the lung concentrations of both ingredients were delayed with an increasing the dosage of maoto remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Distribution Analysis via Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Ephedrine in the Lungs of Rats Orally Administered the Japanese Kampo Medicine Maoto

Mutoh

Matsushita

Oyama

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Maoto, a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, has been used to treat various respiratory diseases, including respiratory infections and influenza. Ephedrine (EPD), the main ingredient in maoto, is also clinically used to treat respiratory diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics and distribution of EPD in the lungs after the administration of maoto have not been demonstrated. This study aimed to determine the concentrations, distribution, and pharmacokinetics of EPD and its precursor methylephedrine (MEPD) in the lungs of rats orally administered maoto (1 and 4 g/kg). We used liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry to measure the ingredient concentrations. Both ingredients were detected in maoto-treated lung homogenates. Next, we examined the distribution of both ingredients in lung sections by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging, a powerful tool for the visualization of the distribution of biological molecules. The mass spectrometry imaging analysis detected only EPD and provided the first visual demonstration that EPD is distributed in the alveoli, bronchi, and bronchioles in the lungs of rats orally administered maoto (4 g/kg, three times at 2-h intervals). These results suggest that the pharmacological efficacy of maoto for the amelioration of respiratory symptoms is related to the distribution of EPD in the lung.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Distribution Analysis via Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Ephedrine in the Lungs of Rats Orally Administered the Japanese Kampo Medicine Maoto

Mutoh

Matsushita

Oyama

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The major compounds of HNS (platycodin D, paeoniflorin, and hesperidin) have been shown to be able to be delivered into blood . We suggest, however, that the effects of HNS are expected not only in the blood circulation but also directly in the oral cavity, because high‐concentration intraoral HNS can directly affect periodontal disease‐related bacteria in the oral cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Hainosan (painongsan) suppresses the biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in vitro

Minami

Takase

Taira³

et al. 2019

Traditional & Kampo Medicine

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Aim: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia are pathogenic bacteria that cause several periodontal diseases such as periodontitis. They frequently form biofilm to protect from threats such as antimicrobial agents. Hainosan (painongsan in Chinese) is a Japanese traditional kampo and traditional Chinese medicine formula used to treat acute and chronic purulent disease. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of antibacterial effects such as anti-biofilm activity, of hainosan extract (HNS) against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Methods: The antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of HNS was examined on bacterial turbidity and colony-forming unit analysis, transmission electron microscopy, microplate analysis, and hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation analysis. Results: HNS significantly suppressed the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. It also significantly inhibited the formation of biofilm from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. The size and shape of HNS-treated Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were significantly smaller and irregular. Furthermore, HNS reduced the bacterial auto aggregation and hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell surface. These antibacterial effects of HNS were greater than those of hangeshashinto, another Japanese traditional kampo medicine formula for oral cavity inflammation. Conclusion: HNS may be useful for the treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia-induced periodontitis because of the inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation.

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“…The blood levels of selected terpenes after administration of a single dose and their effective concentrations which exert biological effects are presented in Table 2 [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]. In most cases a higher single dose is required to reach the effective terpene concentration in the serum; however, the half time of these compounds' elimination from the blood is rather long, and repeated doses or a daily diet containing these compounds may be sufficient to maintain a safe, but stable, effective concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium-Involved Action of Phytochemicals: Carotenoids and Monoterpenes in the Brain

Rzajew

Radzik

Rębas

2020

IJMS

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Background: Neurodegenerative and mood disorders represent growing medical and social problems, many of which are provoked by oxidative stress, disruption in the metabolism of various neurotransmitters, and disturbances in calcium homeostasis. Biologically active plant compounds have been shown to exert a positive impact on the function of calcium in the central nervous system. Methods: The present paper reviews studies of naturally occurring terpenes and derivatives and the calcium-based aspects of their mechanisms of action, as these are known to act upon a number of targets linked to neurological prophylaxis and therapy. Results: Most of the studied phytochemicals possess anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, and these have been used to reduce the risk of or treat neurological diseases. Conclusion: The neuroprotective actions of some phytochemicals may employ mechanisms based on regulation of calcium homeostasis and should be considered as therapeutic agents.

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Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Active Components After Oral Administration of a Kampo Medicine, Shakuyakukanzoto, to Healthy Adult Japanese Volunteers

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Distribution Analysis via Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Ephedrine in the Lungs of Rats Orally Administered the Japanese Kampo Medicine Maoto

Distribution Analysis via Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Ephedrine in the Lungs of Rats Orally Administered the Japanese Kampo Medicine Maoto

Hainosan (painongsan) suppresses the biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in vitro

Calcium-Involved Action of Phytochemicals: Carotenoids and Monoterpenes in the Brain

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