Pharmacokinetic study of amaranth extract in healthy humans: A randomized trial

Subramanian, Deepa; Gupta, Swati

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.12.041

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Whittaker and Ologunde (1990) demonstrated that iron supplementation through amaranth increases hemoglobin content because of the more absorbable form of iron in amaranth. Subramanian and Gupta (2016) reported that administration of amaranth extract through an oral dose increases the level of NO 3and NO 2in plasma as well as in saliva. The bio-accessibility of phenolic compounds was accessed in five wild (Amaranthus hybridus, Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, and Sorghum arundinaceum) and two domesticated cereal (Eleusine corocana and a red variety of Sorghum bicolor) grains found in Zimbabwe and showed that Amaranthus hybridus had the highest intestinal bio-accessibility (95.4 ± 0.01%) vis-à-vis the other cereals tested (Chitindingu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Amaranthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy and Resilient Cereals and Pseudo-Cereals for Marginal Agriculture: Molecular Advances for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability

et al. 2020

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With the ever-increasing world population, an extra 1.5 billion mouths need to be fed by 2050 with continuously dwindling arable land. Hence, it is imperative that extra food come from the marginal lands that are expected to be unsuitable for growing major staple crops under the adverse climate change scenario. Crop diversity provides right alternatives for marginal environments to improve food, feed, and nutritional security. Well-adapted and climate-resilient crops will be the best fit for such a scenario to produce seed and biomass. The minor millets are known for their high nutritional profile and better resilience for several abiotic stresses that make them the suitable crops for arid and salt-affected soils and poor-quality waters. Finger millet (Eleucine coracana) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), also considered as orphan crops, are highly tolerant grass crop species that grow well in marginal and degraded lands of Africa and Asia with better nutritional profile. Another category of grains, called pseudo-cereals, is considered as rich foods because of their protein quality and content, high mineral content, and healthy and balance food quality. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) fall under this category. Nevertheless, both minor millets and pseudo-cereals are morphologically different, although similar for micronutrient bioavailability, and their grains are gluten-free. The cultivation of these millets can make dry lands productive and ensure future food as well as nutritional security. Although the natural nutrient profile of these crop plant species is remarkably good, little development has occurred in advances in molecular genetics and breeding efforts to improve the bioavailability of nutrients. Recent advances in NGS have enabled the genome and transcriptome sequencing of these millets and pseudo-cereals for the faster development of molecular markers and application in molecular breeding. Genomic information on finger millet (1,196 Mb with 85,243 genes); S. italica, a model small millet (well-annotated draft genome of 420 Mb with 38,801 protein-coding genes); amaranth (466 Mb genome and 23,059 protein-coding genes); buckwheat (genome size of 1.12 Gb with 35,816 annotated genes); and quinoa (genome size of 1.5 Gb containing 54,438 protein-coding genes) could pave the way for the genetic improvement of these grains. These genomic resources are an important first step toward genetic improvement of these crops. This

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Section: Amaranthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy and Resilient Cereals and Pseudo-Cereals for Marginal Agriculture: Molecular Advances for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability

et al. 2020

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“…There is scientific evidence suggesting that nitrate-rich spinach can augment nitric oxide status, enhance endothelial function, and lower blood pressure acutely [15]. Subramanian and Gupta [28] reported that an acute 2000 mg dose of amaranth extract, delivering ~180 mg (~2.9 mmol) of NO3 -, increased plasma NO3 -and NO2 -. This increase is similar to, or exceeds, that observed with acute ingestion of relatively higher NO3 -doses from beetroot juice [13,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Amaranth (<em>Amaranthus hypochondriacus</em>) Dietary Nitrates on the Aerobic Capacity of Physically Active Young Persons

Liubertas

Kairaitis

Stasiule

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Over the past five years, the popularity of dietary nitrates as an ergogenic device among athletes has increased significantly. Hypoxic and acidic conditions that occur during exercise facilitate the conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide (NO) and increase the physiological efficiency of exogenously produced nitrite. After a few years of our team predicted experiments, as a nitric oxide precursor, amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) was identified as a source of dietary nitrates (concentrations 9-11%). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of single-dose and long-term doses of dietary nitrates from amaranth concentrate on the aerobic capacity of physically active young persons. Thirteen healthy and physically active young participants were randomized to experimental and placebo groups using a increasing cycling exercise (ICE) and placebo-controlled design. Pulmonary gas exchange recording (oxygen uptake (VO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER)) and analysis of blood lactate samples were obtained. Our findings indicate that the single dose of dietary amaranth (400 mg) significantly improved only the power of the test performance. Long-term (6 days) intake significantly increased the power of the test performance, the maximum oxygen consumption and the power of the test for the first ventilation threshold value (from 37.7±2.7 mL/kg/min during the first test to 41.2±5.4 mL/kg/min during the third test, p <0.05).

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“…The cardiovascular system is also comprised of the blood vessels, whose inner tissue (endothelium) health status is a determinant and plays an important factor in the energetic chain, due to its role in the interchange of nutrients and oxygen. To this respect, NO is an important signalling molecule that can improve endothelial function and, as previously discussed, can be enhanced by the dietary intake of nitrite present in amaranth extracts [19]. It should be noted that NO is usually produced during exercise in absence of dietary supplementation [51] and that improvements in endothelial function are not only dependent on the cells of the arteries but also by the bone marrow whose main stimulator is also the NO produced by exercising [52].…”

Section: Cardiovascular System Healthmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Dietary nitrate is firstly converted to nitrite by the oral microflora [17,18] and then can enter into the system. A study with healthy human subjects supplemented with 2 g of amaranth extract showed a significant increase in plasma nitrate and nitrite, lasting up to 8 hours after administration [19].…”

Section: Amaranth Impact On Aerobic Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitric oxide (NO) is important in physiological processes that may enhance exercise performance [20][21][22]. Some studies showed amaranth extract capacity to increase nitrite and nitrate in plasma, which is expected to increase the production of nitric oxide [19] (previously seen in cell cultures [23] and animal models [24]). Nitric oxide has been linked to improved endurance performance by reducing the oxygen cost during exercise, increasing the efficiency of energy production [25] (through an increase in mitochondrial efficiency [26] and ATP turnover functions [27]).…”

Section: Amaranth Impact On Aerobic Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Value of Amaranth as Applied to Sports Nutrition

Torregrosa-García¹,

Javier²

2020

Nutritional Value of Amaranth

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Amaranth can be beneficial to health and sports, with multiple applications owing to varied concentration of phytochemical; the concentration of these compounds depends on the part or by-product employed. For example, as a food supplement, amaranth oil (rich in squalene) can exert cardiovascular properties, while amaranth extract (rich in nitrites) can increase nitric oxide production (therefore improving endurance performance). On the other hand, as a functional ingredient, its gluten-free flours (containing fibre) can act as probiotics, whereas its proteins (with a peculiar amino acid profile) support muscle recovery. The few clinical results with athletic population suggest it can contribute to improved aerobic metabolism, but there is insufficient clinical data to draw any conclusion. Further research warrants elucidation of amaranth phytochemicals as promising ergogenic aids in sports by high-quality human clinical trials with both standardised products and ingredients in athletic population.

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Pharmacokinetic study of amaranth extract in healthy humans: A randomized trial

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Healthy and Resilient Cereals and Pseudo-Cereals for Marginal Agriculture: Molecular Advances for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability

Healthy and Resilient Cereals and Pseudo-Cereals for Marginal Agriculture: Molecular Advances for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability

The Influence of Amaranth (<em>Amaranthus hypochondriacus</em>) Dietary Nitrates on the Aerobic Capacity of Physically Active Young Persons

Functional Value of Amaranth as Applied to Sports Nutrition

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