Pharmacokinetics and bioavailabilities of 14C-keto-carotenoids, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin, in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailabilities of 14 C-astaxanthin and 14 C-canthaxanthin were studied in the blood of rainbow trout following intra-arterial (i.a.) and oral (p.o.) administration. Sixteen months old 1 kg trout were cannulated in the dorsal aorta.[6,7,6 0 ,7 0 -14 C]-keto-carotenoids were administered i.a. and p.o. at a dose of 573.5 kBq kg À1 ¢sh body weight for astaxanthin and 836.2 kBq kg À1 ¢sh body weight for canthaxanthin. After i.a. distribution, total body clearance (Cl tot ) was 17.30 AE 20.29 mL kg À1 of ¢sh h À1 for 14 C-canthaxanthin and 3.30 AE 1.50 mL kg À1 of ¢sh h À1 for 14 C-astaxanthin. The volume of distribution at steady-state (V ss ) was 208.32 AE 124.79 mL kg À1 of ¢sh and 71.84 AE 64.15 mL kg À1 of ¢sh for 14 C-canthaxanthin and 14 C-astaxanthin respectively. Less than 0.4% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in urine. Radioactivity (expressed as percent of the dose) excreted in the bile of ¢sh that received 14 C-canthaxanthin by i.a. route was 20-fold higher than that observed for ¢sh treated p.o. This ratio was lower for 14 C-astaxanthin (7.6-fold). The mean keto-carotenoid bioavailabilities calculated were 10^15% for both compounds. Findings suggest one daily astaxanthin application is preferable, while12-h time intervals between applications are preferable for canthaxanthin.

Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to varying dietary astaxanthin/canthaxanthin ratio: colour and carotenoid retention of the muscle

“…Fish size and rearing conditions may not explain alone this discrepancy. The most likely explanation would be a competitive inhibitory interaction among astaxanthin and canthaxanthin since a previous study has shown that these two carotenoids have different pharmacokinetics and bioavailabilities in rainbow trout (Choubert et al. 2005).…”

Astaxanthin as feed supplement in aquatic animals

“…; Storebakken & No ; Torrissen & Ingebrigtsen ; Choubert et al . , ), whereas the same was not true for Atlantic salmon (Buttle et al . ; Baker et al .…”

“…Accordingly, Choubert et al . () studied the bioavailabilities of 14 C‐keto‐carotenoids in rainbow trout and proved that the maximum blood concentration of 14 C‐astaxanthin was greater than 14 C‐canthaxanthin. The extent of hepatic carotenoid uptake and metabolism was also indirectly investigated in rainbow trout using an in vitro isolated perfused liver model (Page & Davies ).…”

“…Furthermore, many comparative studies on pigmentation efficacy denoted differences in the utilization of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin among salmonid fish, suggesting species specificity in this context. Astaxanthin tended to be more efficiently absorbed and deposited in the flesh of rainbow trout than canthaxanthin (Torrissen 1986(Torrissen , 1989Bjerkeng et al 1990;Torrissen & Ingebrigtsen 1992;Choubert et al 1994Choubert et al , 2005, whereas the same was not true for Atlantic salmon (Buttle et al 2001;Baker et al 2002;Kiessling et al 2003;Page & Davies 2006;Choubert 2010). Muscle retention of ingested carotenoids in rainbow trout represents 3-18% for astaxanthin and 2-7% for canthaxanthin (Foss et al 1984;Choubert & Storebakken 1989;Hardy et al 1990;Torrissen et al 1990;Choubert et al 1995).…”

“…A previous investigation by Guillou et al (1992) found comparatively higher absorption rates of astaxanthin than canthaxanthin and zeaxanthin in mature female rainbow trout force-fed radiolabelled carotenoids. Accordingly, Choubert et al (2005) studied the bioavailabilities of 14 C-keto-carotenoids in rainbow trout and proved that the maximum blood concentration of 14 C-astaxanthin was greater than trout using an in vitro isolated perfused liver model (Page & Davies 2003). Piscine serum perfusion showed that the cumulative uptake mechanism for both astaxanthin and canthaxanthin was saturable in the carrier models, with astaxanthin uptake saturated relatively faster than for canthaxanthin.…”