Pharmacokinetics and renal tolerance of aztreonam in premature infants

Abstract

Aztreonam (30 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intravenously over 3 min every 12 h to 30 preterm neonates divided into two groups according to gestational age (mean age for group A was <30 weeks and mean age for group B was >30 weeks) and birth weight (mean weight for group A was <1,500 g and mean weight for group B was >1,500 g). Blood and urine samples were analyzed by microbiological assay. The pharmacokinetics were described by one-compartment and noncompartment models. The mean half-life and clearance for premature infants weighing less than 1,500 g were 5.33 ± 3.61 h and 1.52 1.33 ml/min/kg, respectively; for those weighing more than 1,500 g, the values were 4.

Evaluation of antibiotic-induced nephrotoxicity in preterm neonates by determining urinary α1-microglobulin

“…In group B, t~t-m increased around the 4th and 7th day of life, but no significant differences were observed between groups A and B. These results seem to confirm the lack of nephrotoxicity of ampicillin plus aztreonam, as we previously described by monitoring enzymuria [14]. Although therapeutic drug monitoring was performed and amikacin doses were individually tailored by computer, in group C O~l-m levels were five-to sixfold higher than in group A immediately after the beginning of therapy and, moreover, they did not change significantly over the 1 st week of life.…”

Population Pharmacokinetics of Arbekacin, Vancomycin, and Panipenem in Neonates

“…Fourteen antibiotics were reviewed in 16 studies. The values of antibiotic CL from the literature were divided into two groups: circles indicate PCA of Ն33 weeks or BW of Ն2,000 g for amikacin (36), amoxicillin (11,23), aztreonam (13), cefoperazone (38), cefotaxime (21), ceftazidime (40,44), ceftizoxime (26), ceftriaxone (32), meropenem (46), and piperacillin (25); squares indicate PCA of Ͻ33 weeks or BW of Ͻ2,000 for cefoperazone (8), flucloxacillin (10), piperacillin (25), ticarcillin (11), and vancomycin (12). The figure shows that CL is associated with protein binding ratios and that the relationship between renal CL and protein binding is stronger than that between total CL and protein binding.…”

Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam after intravenous administration in foals

“…Aztreonam has a low incidence of nephrotoxicity and can be used as part of a combination therapy in the treatment of neonatal sepsis in humans to avoid aminoglycoside‐related toxicity (Stutman et al. , 1986; Cuzzolin et al. , 1991; Takeuchi et al.…”