Pharmacokinetics and toxic effects of lithium chloride after intravenous administration in conscious horses

Hatfield, Cindy L.; McDonell, Wayne N.; Lemke, Kip A.; Black, W. D.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1387

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Animals were treated with lithium intraperitoneally instead of per os because the latter treatment evokes more pronounced renal problems to experimental species with compared to those after other routes of administration [36]. In addition, the administration of lithium other than per os causes good lithium distribution [37]. Animals in groups of four were sacrificed 1 day, 2, and 12 months after the last injection.…”

Section: Lithium Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lithium administration on collagen and breaking pressure of the rat thoracic descending aorta

Tzaphlidou¹,

Berillis²

2004

J Trace Elements Exper Med

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Lithium is widely used in medicine as an antidepressive drug. Despite abundant literature on the subject, questions on the effects of lithium on collagen, which is one of the major components of tissues and organs, are far from being answered. We have examined the effects of lithium chloride (1.5 mEq Li/kg of body weight) on rat thoracic descending aorta: 1) on collagen fibrils by electron microscopy and image analysis and 2) on breaking pressure. Animals were sacrificed 1 day, 2, and 12 months after the end of a 30 consecutive days experimental period. In all cases investigated, structural abnormalities in collagen fibrils, at the ultrastructural level, were found. These abnormalities consist of decreased mean diameter and high variability in width as well as marked disorganization in the packing of the fibrils. The observed alterations seem to be permanent. Rupture of the rat thoracic aorta following pressure is significantly influenced by lithium.

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Section: Lithium Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lithium administration on collagen and breaking pressure of the rat thoracic descending aorta

Tzaphlidou¹,

Berillis²

2004

J Trace Elements Exper Med

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“…In this regard, expression of genes encoding the adherens junction component E-cadherin and the hemidesmosome component integrin α6 was not suppressed in horses with starch gruel-induced laminitis (Fig S4) and E-cadherin protein expression was not suppressed (Fig S2, panel F) supporting the possibility that adherens junctions and hemidesmosomes might be restored by sustaining β-catenin expression, e.g., through administration of agents that inhibit GSK3β [46]. This attractive possibility is contradicted by studies showing that protein expression of integrin α6 and anchoring filaments BP180 and laminin 5 is reduced in horses with oligofructose-induced laminitis based on immunofluorescence staining [47], consistent with complex disruption of the hemidesmosome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Impact of Laminitis on the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway in Basal Epithelial Cells of the Equine Digital Laminae

et al. 2013

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The digital laminae is a two layer tissue that attaches the distal phalanx to the inner hoof wall, thus suspending the horse's axial skeleton in the hoof capsule. This tissue fails at the epidermal:dermal junction in laminitic horses, causing crippling disease. Basal epithelial cells line the laminar epidermal:dermal junction, undergo physiological change in laminitic horses, and lose versican gene expression. Versican gene expression is purportedly under control of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and is a trigger for mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition; thus, its repression in laminar epithelial cells of laminitic horses may be associated with suppression of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and loss of the epithelial cell phenotype. In support of the former contention, we show, using laminae from healthy horses and horses with carbohydrate overload-induced laminitis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting after sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunofluorescent tissue staining, that positive and negative regulatory components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway are expressed in laminar basal epithelial cells of healthy horses. Furthermore, expression of positive regulators is suppressed and negative regulators elevated in laminae of laminitic compared to healthy horses. We also show that versican gene expression in the epithelial cells correlates positively with that of β-catenin and T-cell Factor 4, consistent with regulation by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, gene and protein expression of β-catenin correlates positively with that of integrin β4 and both are strongly suppressed in laminar basal epithelial cells of laminitic horses, which remain E-cadherin+/vimentin−, excluding mesenchymal transition as contributing to loss of the adherens junction and hemidesmosome components. We propose that suppression of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and accompanying reduced expression of β catenin and integrin β4 in laminar basal epithelial cells reduces cell:cell and cell:basement membrane attachment, thus, destabilizing the laminar epidermal:dermal junction.

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“…The results of that study indicated that LiDCO was more reliable than conventional thermodilution cardiac output measurement. The dose of lithium needed (0.15–0.3 mmol for an average adult) is very small and has no known pharmacological effects [10,11]. …”

Section: Technology Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Pearse

Ikram²,

Barry³

2004

Crit Care

104

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Pharmacokinetics and toxic effects of lithium chloride after intravenous administration in conscious horses

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of lithium administration on collagen and breaking pressure of the rat thoracic descending aorta

Effect of lithium administration on collagen and breaking pressure of the rat thoracic descending aorta

Impact of Laminitis on the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway in Basal Epithelial Cells of the Equine Digital Laminae

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