Pharmacokinetics of active compounds of a Terminalia chebula Retz. Ethanolic extract after oral administration rats using UPLC-MS/MS

Abstract

Terminalia chebula Retz. (TC) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine and rich in chemical components with multiple pharmacological effects. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and used to determine the blood concentrations of nine active compounds (chebulic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, corilagin, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose, ellagic acid and ethyl gallate) after oral administration of TC extracts in rats. Pretreatment of plasma samples with protein precipitate with methanol was carried out, and caffeic acid was used as the internal standard (IS). Compounds precisions of intra- and inter-day were less than 14.6%, and the accuracy ranged from −11.7% to 13.5%. The extraction recoveries of compounds were between 84.9% and 108.4%, while matrix effects occurred between 86.4% and 115.9%. Stability tests showed that all nine analytes had been stable under four storage conditions, and statistically significant the relative standard deviations were under 13.7%. The validated UPLC-MS/MS method was applied with great success to plasma pharmacokinetics analysis of the TC extracts, and the pharmacokinetic results showed that among the nine components, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-tn), 231112.38 ± 64555.20 h ng/mL) and maximum concentration (Cmax, 4,983.57 ± 1721.53 ng/mL) of chebulagic acid were relatively large, which indicated that it had a higher level of plasma exposure. The half-life of elimination (T1/2) of chebulinic acid, corilagin and chebulagic acid were 43.30, 26.39 and 19.98 h, respectively, suggesting that these analytes showed prolonged retention and metabolize more slowly in vivo. This study would deliver a theoretical foundation for the further application of TC in clinical practice.

Chemical profiling and quality evaluation of Liuweizhiji Gegen‐Sangshen oral liquid by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS and HPLC‐diode array detector fingerprinting

“…Spiking of samples with reference standards also performed. Comparison with reported references was also conducted for identification of constituents 20–25 . The total ion chromatograms of LGS samples in negative and positive modes are shown in Figure 1.…”

“…Comparison with reported references was also conducted for identification of constituents. [20][21][22][23][24][25] The total ion chromatograms of LGS samples in negative and positive modes are shown in Figure 1. Table S1 displays the results of the identification and characterization of 162 chemicals from LGS, which included flavonoids, polyphenols, organic acids, and amino acids.…”

Global Profiling of the Antioxidant Constituents in Chebulae Fructus Based on an Integrative Strategy of UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS, MS/MS Molecular Networking, and Spectrum-Effect Correlation

“…As depicted in Figure 4C, the CF samples were clustered into three groups with the dominant contents of chebulagic acid (95), chebulinic acid (107), and ellagic acid (110)/gallic acid (12). Chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and chebulic acid were screened out according to their chemotaxonomic potentials.…”

“…Among the edible fruits in the Himalayan region of India, CFs with the highest antioxidant level have been used as a daily dietary supplement among people living in the mountains [11]. A recent study revealed that corilagin, chebulagic acid, and chebulinic acid in CF may be absorbed into the body for a comparatively long term to exert continuous treatment effects [12].…”

Unveiling the Antimicrobial Potential of Terminalia chebula Fruits in Poultry Feed: A Natural Alternative for Enhanced Food Safety and Animal Health

“…These phytochemicals contribute to the high antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity, anti-cancer activity, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the wound healing and immunomodulatory activities associated with T. chebula fruit [11]. This plant, which contains various bioactive compounds [12], has thepotential to eliminate poultry-related microbes; however, there is limited research on this aspect. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of this plant in eradicating poultryassociated microbes and to explore its potential use as a feed additive.…”