Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in pigs

Galtier, P.; Charpenteau, J. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00372.x

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…administration of 17.6 mg/kg in 4‐ to 6‐week‐old pigs weighing approximately 6–15 kg. In comparison, results of 0.69 ± 0.08 h, 0.53 h, and 0.6 h have been reported in the literature (Galtier & Charpenteau, 1979; Yuan et al. , 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…administration of 17.6 mg/kg in 4-to 6-week-old pigs weighing approximately 6-15 kg. In comparison, results of 0.69 ± 0.08 h, 0.53 h, and 0.6 h have been reported in the literature (Galtier & Charpenteau, 1979;Yuan et al, 1997). The present study lacked an immediate sample time of 0.25 h; sampling started at 0.5 h postadministration due to constraints of administration speed and including all eight pigs in the sampling rotation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in swine following needle‐free, intramuscular, and intravenous administration

Apley

Coetzee

Imerman

et al. 2007

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A cross-over study design was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in swine. Each of eight pigs was subjected to all of the following three treatments: (1) intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 17.6 mg/kg of ampicillin trihydrate; (2) injection of a mean dose of 17.6 mg/kg of ampicillin trihydrate using a needle-free (NF) injection device; and (3) intravenous injection of 17.6 mg/kg of sodium ampicillin administered as a bolus. Ampicillin trihydrate administered by NF injection in this study was not statistically different from i.m. injection as measured by AUC(0-infinity), MRT, MAT, or Cmax. However, the 90% confidence limits about the difference in NF to i.m. mean Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) values, expressed relative to the i.m. treatment mean, exceeded the traditional bioequivalence limits of +/-20%. In part, failure to demonstrate bioequivalence was attributable to small study size and the large within-subject variability associated with this drug. Therefore the power of this study was not sufficient to definitively prove or disprove bioequivalence and additional studies to describe appropriate dosage regimens for ampicillin trihydrate when administered by NF injection to pigs are warranted.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in swine following needle‐free, intramuscular, and intravenous administration

Apley

Coetzee

Imerman

et al. 2007

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a consequence, these expected high concentrations of unabsorbed ampicillin in the intestine are likely to exert great pressure on the gut microflora, and this all the more if ampicillin is administered to fed pigs. Following intramuscular administration, ampicillin can gain access to the gastrointestinal lumen by biliary excretion (12), which explains why the intramuscular route was also associated with an increase in fecal bla TEM gene excretion. Thus, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the three modes of ampicillin administration tested in the present study were apparently different and resulted in different intestinal exposures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Three Ampicillin Dosage Regimens on Selection of Ampicillin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Excretion of bla _TEM Genes in Swine Feces

Bibbal

Dupouy

Ferré

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of three ampicillin dosage regimens on ampicillin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae recovered from swine feces by use of phenotypic and genotypic approaches. Phenotypically, ampicillin resistance was determined from the percentage of resistant Enterobacteriaceae and MICs of Escherichia coli isolates. The pool of ampicillin resistance genes was also monitored by quantification of bla TEM genes, which code for the most frequently produced ␤-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria, using a newly developed real-time PCR assay. Ampicillin was administered intramuscularly and orally to fed or fasted pigs for 7 days at 20 mg/kg of body weight. The average percentage of resistant Enterobacteriaceae before treatment was between 2.5% and 12%, and bla TEM gene quantities were below 10 7 copies/g of feces. By days 4 and 7, the percentage of resistant Enterobacteriaceae exceeded 50% in all treated groups, with some highly resistant strains (MIC of >256 g/ml). In the control group, bla TEM gene quantities fluctuated between 10 4 and 10 6 copies/g of feces, whereas they fluctuated between 10 6 to 10 8 and 10 7 to 10 9 copies/g of feces for the intramuscular and oral routes, respectively. Whereas phenotypic evaluations did not discriminate among the three ampicillin dosage regimens, bla TEM gene quantification was able to differentiate between the effects of two routes of ampicillin administration. Our results suggest that fecal bla TEM gene quantification provides a sensitive tool to evaluate the impact of ampicillin administration on the selection of ampicillin resistance in the digestive microflora and its dissemination in the environment.The major mechanism of resistance to ␤-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria results from the production of ␤-lactamases. Most of these are coded by the plasmid-mediated bla TEM-1 gene (19,28). The continuous introduction of new ␤-lactam antibiotics with different activity spectra in human medicine has led to the selection of ␤-lactamase mutations, which confer resistance to the newly developed ␤-lactam antibiotics (25). ␤-Lactam antibiotics are also used in veterinary medicine, where they contribute to the selective pressure that leads to the emergence and diffusion of intestinal bacteria harboring resistance genes. Thus, commensal bacteria in the gut form a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes potentially transmissible to humans via the food chain and the environment (27,29,34).Antimicrobial resistance in food animals deserves special attention. One of the most heavily medicated sectors is pig farming, with worldwide antibiotic consumption in pigs accounting for 60% of the antibiotics used in animals (10). A relationship has been demonstrated between the high use of antimicrobials in pig herds and the increased occurrence of resistant bacterial strains in their digestive tracts (4,13,34,37). When antibiotics are administered to pigs, both the level and time development of antibiotic exposure of the intestinal microflora are dependen...

show abstract

“…Zero-time plasma concentration (B) recorded in this study is comparable to 6.90 f 2.72 prnol/l in sheep given a double dose (17). The half-life of ampicillin in goats (134 f 15 min) is longer than in several other species (1,6,7,10,11,17,19,20). The total body clearance (52.1 f 4.2 ml/min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Disposition Kinetics, Renal Clearance and Excretion of Ampicillin after Oral Administration in Goats

Nawaz

Tabassum

Iqbal

et al. 1990

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disposition kinetics, renal clearance and urinary excretion of ampicillin were determined after oral administration of 10mg/kg in 8 goats. Peak plasma concentration 1.86 f 0.14 pmol/l was attained at 117 f 11 min after oral administration. Half-time of absorption was 28.7 f 5.8 minutes and that of elimination was 135 f 15 minutes. Total area under plasma concentration versus time curve was 9.16 f 0.97pmol. h/l. Total body clearance of ampicillin was 52.1 f 4.2 and renal clearance was 0.07 f 0.008 ml/min . kg. The renal handling of ampicillin involved glomerular filtration and back diffusion.

show abstract

Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in pigs

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in swine following needle‐free, intramuscular, and intravenous administration

Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in swine following needle‐free, intramuscular, and intravenous administration

Impact of Three Ampicillin Dosage Regimens on Selection of Ampicillin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Excretion of bla _TEM Genes in Swine Feces

Disposition Kinetics, Renal Clearance and Excretion of Ampicillin after Oral Administration in Goats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in pigs

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in swine following needle‐free, intramuscular, and intravenous administration

Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in swine following needle‐free, intramuscular, and intravenous administration

Impact of Three Ampicillin Dosage Regimens on Selection of Ampicillin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Excretion of bla TEM Genes in Swine Feces

Disposition Kinetics, Renal Clearance and Excretion of Ampicillin after Oral Administration in Goats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Impact of Three Ampicillin Dosage Regimens on Selection of Ampicillin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Excretion of bla _TEM Genes in Swine Feces