Pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine (sulfamethazine) in camels, sheep and goats

Elsheikh, Hatim Ali; Ali, Badreldin H.; Homeida, A.M.; Hassan, T.; Hapke, H. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1991.tb00837.x

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The present results corroborate these in vivo results, and are also in agreement with other kinetic data obtained from camels and goats given paracetamol (Ali et al., 1996b), sulphadimidine (Elsheikh et al., 1991), and metronidazole (Ali et al., 1999). In the paracetamol study, the kinetic differences between camels and goats were not limited to the slower clearance and longer half‐life of the drug in camels, but also extended to differences in the metabolic pathway of the drug in the two species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) and Goats (Caprus hircus)

Elsheikh

Ali

Zahurin

et al. 2001

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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A comparative randomized crossover study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in male and female camels (Camelus dromedarius) and goats (Caprus hircus). Theophylline is an established 'probe drug' to evaluate the drug metabolizing enzyme activity of animals. It was administered by the intravenous (i.v.) route and then intramuscularly (i.m.) at a dose of 2 mg/kg. The concentration of the drug in plasma was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique on samples collected at frequent intervals after administration. Following i.v. injection, the overall elimination rate constant (lambda z,) in goats was 0.006 +/- 0.00076/min and in camels was 0.0046 +/- 0.0008/min (P < 0.01). The elimination half-life (t 1/2 lambda z) in goats (112 .7 min) was lower than in camels (154.7 min) (P < 0.01). The apparent volume of distribution (Vz) and the total body clearance (Cl) in goats were 1440.1 +/- 166.6 ml/kg and 8.9 +/- 1.4 ml/min/kg, respectively. The corresponding values in camels were 1720.3 +/- 345.3 ml/kg and 6.1 +/- 1.0 ml/min/kg, respectively. After i.m. administration, theophylline reached a peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 1.8 +/- 0.1 and 1.7 +/- 0.2 microg/ml at a post-injection time (Tmax) of 67.5 +/- 8.6 and 122.3 +/- 6.7 min in goats and camels, respectively. The mean bioavailability (T) in both goats and camels was 0.9 +/- 0.2. The above data suggest that camels eliminate theophylline at a slower rate than goats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) and Goats (Caprus hircus)

Elsheikh

Ali

Zahurin

et al. 2001

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…and variations in environmental conditions (Alvares et al, 1979). In this laboratory we have previously studied species differences between dromedary camels, desert sheep and Nubian goats with respect to drug metabolizing enzymes (Elsheikh et al, 1988;Elsheikh et al, 1991a) and in the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine (Elsheikh et al, 1991b). These studies have indicated that goats possess the highest and camels the lowest oxidative and conjugative enzyme activities in liver, kidney and duodenal mucosa.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative pharmacokinetics of ampicillin trihydrate, gentamicin sulphate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride in Nubian goats and desert sheep

Elsheikh

Osman

Ali

1997

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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In this investigation the pharmacokinetics of three commonly used antibiotics, ampicillin trihydrate (10 mg/kg), gentamicin sulphate (3 mg/kg) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (5 mg/kg), given intravenously, were each studied in five Nubian goats and five desert sheep. The pharmacokinetic parameters were described by a two-compartment open model. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the two species in some kinetic parameters of ampicillin and oxytetracycline but not gentamicin. Ampicillin elimination half life (t[1/2beta]) in goats (1.20 h) was shorter than that in sheep (2.48 h), and its clearance (Cl) significantly higher in goats (2921 mL/h x kg) compared to sheep (262 mL/h x kg) (P < 0.01). Ampicillin volume of distribution (Vd[area]) was found to be significantly larger in goats (5673 mL/kg) than in sheep (992 mL/kg) (P < 0.01). For oxytetracycline, the t(1/2beta) in goats (3.89 h) was significantly shorter than that in sheep (6.30 h) and the Cl value in goats (437 mL/h x kg) was significantly higher than in sheep (281 mL/h x kg). The results suggest that when treating sheep and goats, the pharmacokinetic differences between the two species must be considered in order to optimize the therapeutic doses of ampicillin and oxytetracycline.

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“…However, differences between these two species have been reported in the pharmacokinetics of some drugs, including antipyrine and sulphadimidine (Elsheikh et al, 1991), and CF (Danielson and Golsteyn, 1996;Uney and Traş, 2011) and in the activities of 7-methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (MROD) and 6β-testosterone hydroxylase/17-testosterone oxidase, which are ascribed to CYP1A and CYP3A, respectively (Szotáková et al, 2004). In the present study, demethylation fractions of CF to PX and TP in goats were significantly different from those reported in sheep (0.12 and 0.72, respectively, Danielson and Golsteyn, 1996;0.08-0.20 and 0.61-0.78, respectively, Uney and Traş, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Measurements of caffeine and plasma metabolite/caffeine ratios as a test for hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity in goats

2011

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The aim of this investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetics and demethylation of caffeine (CF) and the metabolite/CF ratios that correlated best with CF clearance, which were used to evaluate hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity of CF after a single intravenous dose (5 mg/kg) in hair goats (n = 9). Pharmacokinetic parameters of CF and its metabolites, theobromine (TB), paraxanthine (PX) and theophylline (TP), were calculated. The plasma metabolic ratios TB/CF, PX/CF, TP/CF and TB+PX+TP/CF were determined at 6, 8 and 10 h after CF administration to evaluate their hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity. The plasma concentration-time data of CF were fit to a two-compartment model in all animals. The clearance of CF was 0.08 ± 0.02 L/h/kg, and the volume of distribution was 0.91 ± 0.16 L/kg. The demethylation fractions of CF to TB, PX and TP were 0.24, 0.37 and 0.39, respectively. Correlations between the metabolic ratios and CF clearance were quite high, except for the PX/CF ratio, particularly at 6 h (r = 0.650-0.750, P < 0.01, 0.05) and 10 h (r = 0.650-0.767, P < 0.01, 0.05). Plasma metabolite/CF ratios, except for the PX/CF ratio, may be useful as an alternative to measurements of CF clearance for the determination of the hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity in goats.

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Pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine (sulfamethazine) in camels, sheep and goats

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) and Goats (Caprus hircus)

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) and Goats (Caprus hircus)

Comparative pharmacokinetics of ampicillin trihydrate, gentamicin sulphate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride in Nubian goats and desert sheep

Measurements of caffeine and plasma metabolite/caffeine ratios as a test for hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity in goats

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