Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol in cats after intramuscular and buccal transmucosal administration

Wells, Sean M.; Glerum, Leigh E.; Papich, Mark G.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.69.12.1548

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…21,22 In this study, the cats' salivary pH ranged from 8.7 to 9; these results were consistent with previously reported results. 5,15,23 In this study, OTM administration of GLU was better tolerated than the MD formulation, while there was no difference between the tolerance of BUP and GLU. The …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Comparison of two formulations of buprenorphine in cats administered by the oral transmucosal route

Bortolami

Slingsby

Love

2012

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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This randomised, blinded, cross-over study investigated the ease of oral transmucosal administration of two formulations of buprenorphine using glucose as a control in 12 cats. The cats received three treatments: buprenorphine multi-dose, buprenorphine and the equivalent volume of glucose 5%. Ease of treatment administration, observation of swallowing, changes in pupil size, sedation, salivation, vomiting, behaviour and food intake were assessed. The data were analysed using MLwiN and multi-level modelling. Ease of administration of buprenorphine multi-dose was statistically different from glucose (P <0.001), and the administration of all treatments became easier over the study periods. Swallowing was not statistically different between groups (P >0.05). Mydriasis was evident after the administration of both formulations of buprenorphine. Sedation, salivation, vomiting, behavioural changes or in-appetence were not observed after any treatment. Cats tolerated oral transmucosal administration of glucose better than buprenorphine multi-dose, while buprenorphine administration was tolerated as well as glucose.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Comparison of two formulations of buprenorphine in cats administered by the oral transmucosal route

Bortolami

Slingsby

Love

2012

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Unconventional systemic routes of administration, such as buccal or intranasal routes, are gaining in importance in veterinary practice, because of the advantages they offer over oral or IM‐IV administration for systemic drug delivery. These major advantages are their easy practicability, lack of pain during administration, high blood supply of the mucosa and avoidance of the hepatic first‐pass effect or gastrointestinal degradation (Wells et al, ). Thus, the results determined from OTM route of administration are particularly attractive for veterinary patients who require sedation and are difficult to inject or for drugs with high rates of presystemic metabolism (Cohen & Bennett, ; Messenger et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical pharmacokinetics of a dexmedetomidine–methadone combination in dogs undergoing routine anaesthesia after buccal or intramuscular administration

Cesare

Gioeni

Ravasio

et al. 2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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This study aimed to define the pharmacokinetic profiles of dexmedetomidine and methadone administered simultaneously in dogs by either an oral transmucosal route or intramuscular route and to determine the bioavailability of the oral transmucosal administration relative to the intramuscular one of both drugs, so as the applicability of this administration route in dogs. Twelve client‐owned dogs, scheduled for diagnostic procedures, were treated with a combination of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (10 μg/kg) and methadone hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg) through an oral transmucosal route or intramuscularly. Oral transmucosal administration caused ptyalism in most subjects, and intramuscular administration caused transient peripheral vasoconstriction. The results showed reduced and delayed absorption of both dexmedetomidine and methadone when administered through an oral transmucosal route, with median (range) Cmax values of 0.82 (0.42–1.49) ng/ml and 13.22 (2.80–52.30) ng/ml, respectively. The relative bioavailability was low: 16.34% (dexmedetomidine) and 15.5% (methadone). Intramuscular administration resulted in a more efficient absorption profile, with AUC and Cmax values for both drugs approximately 10 times higher. Dexmedetomidine and methadone administered simultaneously by an oral transmucosal route using injectable formulations were not well absorbed through the oral mucosa. Nevertheless, additional studies on these drugs combination using alternative administration routes are recommended.

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“…10 Butorphanol induces analgesia through its µ-opioid receptor agonist activity; however, its analgesic properties have been questioned. 12 Notwithstanding variation in response among populations and individual cats, butorphanol has a fast onset but short duration of antinociception (reported to be [mean ± SD] 2.7 ± 2.2 hours after IM administration) in several studies, [12][13][14][15] requiring repeated administration to be effective. 12 Notwithstanding variation in response among populations and individual cats, butorphanol has a fast onset but short duration of antinociception (reported to be [mean ± SD] 2.7 ± 2.2 hours after IM administration) in several studies, [12][13][14][15] requiring repeated administration to be effective.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of perioperative analgesic efficacy between methadone and butorphanol in cats

Warne¹,

Beths²,

Holm³

et al. 2013

javma

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Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol in cats after intramuscular and buccal transmucosal administration

Abstract: In cats, IM butorphanol administration at 0.4 mg/kg maintained a plasma concentration of >45 ng/mL for 2.7+/-2.2 hours, whereas BTM administration at the same dose was not effective at maintaining plasma concentrations at >45 ng/mL.

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Comparison of two formulations of buprenorphine in cats administered by the oral transmucosal route

Comparison of two formulations of buprenorphine in cats administered by the oral transmucosal route

Clinical pharmacokinetics of a dexmedetomidine–methadone combination in dogs undergoing routine anaesthesia after buccal or intramuscular administration

Comparison of perioperative analgesic efficacy between methadone and butorphanol in cats

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