Pharmacokinetics of cephalexin in sea bream, Sparus aurata (L.), after a single intraperitoneal injection

Abstract

The pharmacokinetic properties of cephalexin were studied in sea bream (mean weight 77 g), Sparus aurata (L.) after a single intraperitoneal injection (200 mg kg )1 ). Pharmacokinetic analysis of the serum concentrations vs time points obtained was performed using non-compartmental analysis and a compartmental pharmacokinetic model approach. In the latter case, a two-compartment open model with a lag time gave the best fitting. The maximum peak serum concentration was 5.018 mg ml )1 kg )1 1 h post-treatment. The area under the curve (AUC) cephalexin was 17.394 mgAEh kg )1 and the elimination half-life of 1.83 h.

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Cephalexin against Streptococcus parauberis in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus: Temminck and Schlegel)

“…Therefore, upon oral administration, the therapeutic levels of CH are maintained in the body for 6-8 hr, after which more than 90% of it is excreted or unchanged in the urine within 16 hr, and CH is consequently administered once every 6-12 hr. According to Katharios et al [48], CH administered intraperitoneally at 200 mg/kg in sea bream rapidly reached its maximum serum concentration (5.4 mg/kg) 1 hr post-treatment and was quickly eliminated with a halflife of less than 1.83 hr. We determined the residual CH concentrations in the muscles of olive flounders grown at optimal (25°C) and low (15°C) water temperatures after they were orally administered with 400 mg/kg of CH for 7 days.…”

“…Data reporting the efficacy and safety of CH in teleost species are currently insufficient, but CH has been used to control a wide range of bacterial infections in ornamental and aquaculture fish [48]. In this study, we administered the highest effective CH dose (400 mg/kg of fish body weight) to olive flounders for 10 days and then extended this to 12 days.…”

“…Due to its extremely short half-life, there is limited evidence that CH accumulates in the sera of humans with normal renal function, and it is thus deemed to exert low levels of toxicity [49]. In addition, no toxicity has been reported in seabream-administered CH at doses of 50-400 mg/kg, as determined by monitoring their physiological status, hematology, blood biochemistry, and histology for 30 days [48]. Animal studies have also shown that CH exerts low levels of toxicity following oral and parenteral administration [13,50].…”

Peptide transporters in teleost fish: a look into the distant past for a more sustainable future

“…Vacca et al (2022) focus primarily on cultured salmon, and periodic food safety screenings, such as those performed by the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, ensure that levels of contaminants in farmed seafood are negligible (see, for example, https://www.hi.no/en/hi/nettrapporter/ rapport-fra-havforskningen-en-2021-40); however, less is known about wild-caught fish and shellfish, which are a major part of the diet in many parts of the world. Pharmacokinetics data seem to suggest β-lactam antibiotics do not significantly accumulate in seafood of human consumption, such as the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) (Katharios et al, 2004), thereby questioning the likelihood that they may end up on our dinner plate. But these studies are still few and far between, and more research is needed to determine the movement of pollutants along the food chain.…”

Enhancing Hatch Rate and Survival in Laboratory‐Reared Hybrid Devils Hole Pupfish through Application of Antibiotics to Eggs and Larvae

“…Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin that is bactericidal, killing the cell via disruption of peptidoglycan crosslinking. It has broad activity against gram-positive bacteria, but its efficacy against gram-negative bacteria is limited (Caprile 1988;Katharios et al 2004). Cephalexin is not approved for aquaculture in the United States.…”