Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Its Metabolite Ciprofloxacin in Male and Female Turkeys following Intravenous and Oral Administration

Dimitrova, D.; Lashev, L.; Yanev, S.; Pandova, V. T.

doi:10.1007/s11259-006-3303-7

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The current findings concur with the results obtained by Marien et al (2006Marien et al ( , 2007. The success of the high efficacy level of enrofloxacin is supported by several pharmacokinetic studies performed in turkeys (Heinen et al, 1997;Dimitrova et al, 2006;Fraatz et al, 2006). According to these studies, a dose of 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin given orally at 24-h intervals results in the establishment of a steady- state concentration in the serum and respiratory tract that is bactericidal for O. rhinotracheale organisms with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.03 mg/ml.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Efficacy of four enrofloxacin treatment regimens against experimental infection in turkey poults with avian pneumovirus andOrnithobacterium rhinotracheale

Garmyn¹,

Martel²,

Froyman³

et al. 2009

Avian Pathology

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Drinking-water treatment with enrofloxacin is widely used to cure respiratory infections in turkeys. The current treatment regimen advises a 5-day treatment at 10 mg/kg body weight. Since enrofloxacin exerts a concentration-dependent activity it might be useful to provide the total treatment dose of 50 mg/kg total dose in a single-day treatment regimen. We therefore assessed whether single-day treatment regimens with 50 mg/kg body weight were clinically equivalent to the advised multiple-day treatment regimen with 10 mg/kg body weight for 5 days. For this purpose, five groups of 16 turkeys, 22 days old, were experimentally inoculated with avian metapneumovirus (APV) and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and subsequently treated in the drinking water with enrofloxacin, using either a single-day treatment regimen at 50 mg/kg body weight during a 5-h, 10-h or 20-h period or a standard 5-day treatment regimen at 10 mg/kg body weight/ day for 20 h. Although initially all dosage regimens cleared O. rhinotracheale from the trachea, 4 days after onset of treatment O. rhinotracheale bacteria were re-excreted in the single-day regimens but without worsening of the clinical symptoms. The 5-day treatment with 10 mg enrofloxacin/kg in turkeys provided the best results for the treatment of an O. rhinotracheale infection in turkeys by shortening the course and reducing the severity of clinical disease and by eliminating O. rhinotracheale from the respiratory tract without re-emergence. None of the used treatment regimens promoted the selection of bacterial clones with reduced susceptibility or resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Efficacy of four enrofloxacin treatment regimens against experimental infection in turkey poults with avian pneumovirus andOrnithobacterium rhinotracheale

Garmyn¹,

Martel²,

Froyman³

et al. 2009

Avian Pathology

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“…A relatively low Vd (ss) value indicates a drug that is less extensively distributed in extravascular tissues. Different pharmacokinetic studies with enrofloxacin, florfenicol and amoxicillin in either turkeys or chickens have been performed (Carceles et al ., 1995;Anadón et al ., 1996;Rios et al ., 1997;Bugyei et al ., 1999;Knoll et al ., 1999;Shen et al ., 2003;Cox et al, 2004;Switala et al ., 2004;Dimitrova et al ., 2006). From these studies, it may be concluded that the Vd (ss) value of amoxicillin (0.042 to 1.52 l/kg) is generally lower than those of florfenicol (1.5 to 4.99 l/kg) and enrofloxacin (2.92 to 3.9 l/kg).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When comparing half-life values determined in different experiments, it may be concluded that enrofloxacin has long half-life values (Brown, 1996;Bugyei et al , 1999;Garcia Ovando et al , 1999;Knoll et al , 1999;Dimitrova et al , 2006 and that the values for florfenicol are generally lower (Afifi & El-Sooud, 1997;Shen et al , 2002Shen et al , , 2003, with the lowest half-life values noted for amoxicillin (Lashev & Pashov, 1992;Carceles et al , 1995;Anadon et al , 1996). Although both enrofloxacin and amoxicillin have good bactericidal activity, as opposed to florfenicol, which is bacteriostatic, for example, for Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the efficacy of four antimicrobial treatment schemes against experimentalOrnithobacterium rhinotrachealeinfection in turkey poults pre-infected with avian pneumovirus

Mariën¹,

Nauwynck²,

Duchateau

et al. 2006

Avian Pathology

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The clinical efficacy of drinking-water administration of enrofloxacin for 3 and 5 days, amoxicillin for 5 days and florfenicol for 5 days for the treatment of respiratory disease induced by an experimental Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in turkeys pre-infected with avian pneumovirus (APV) was assessed based on clinical, bacteriological and histopathological examinations. Experimental groups of 15 susceptible 3-week-old turkeys were each inoculated oculonasally with APV subtype A and 3 days later with susceptible O. rhinotracheale bacteria. Antimicrobial treatment started 1 day after O. rhinotracheale inoculation. After infection, the birds were examined and scored for clinical signs, swabbed daily and weighed at different times. Five birds were euthanized and examined for macroscopic lesions at necropsy at 5 days post bacterial inoculation, and the remainder at 15 days post bacterial inoculation. Samples of the turbinates, trachea, lungs, air sacs, heart and pericardium were collected for bacteriological and/or histological examination. Recovery from respiratory disease caused by an APV/O. rhinotracheale dual infection was most successful after enrofloxacin treatment, irrespective of treatment duration, followed by florfenicol. Amoxicillin treatment was not efficacious. Clinical signs and the number of O. rhinotracheale organisms re-isolated from the trachea and the different respiratory organs were significantly reduced by enrofloxacin treatment for 3 and 5 days. O. rhinotracheale bacteria were not re-isolated from the tracheas of the birds treated with enrofloxacin except for one bird in the 5-day group, as early as 1 day after medication onset. In the group treated with enrofloxacin for 5 days, O. rhinotracheale organisms with a higher minimal inhibitory concentration value ( )/8) were isolated starting 2 days following treatment onset, initially from a single turkey and subsequently from the other animals.

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“…At 16°C, the bioavailability of enrofl oxacin was 66.13% in this study, which was higher than the 50.82% at 10°C and the profi les studied previously. The reported 50.82% or 66.13% bioavailability of enrofl oxacin was much lower than that of quinolones in domestic animals (Hu and Feng, 1999;Zeng et al, 2003;Albarellos et al, 2005;Dimitrova et al, 2006). However, other quinolones in turbot were reported with lower bioavailabilities than the bioavailability of enrofl oxacin, such as a 27.90% bioavailability of oxolinic acid after 10 mg/kg at 16°C, and a 59% bioavailability of fl umequine after oral administration at 10 mg/kg at 18°C (Poher, 1998;Hansen and Horsberg, 1999).…”

Section: The Comparative Pharmacokinetics Of Enrofl Oxacinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and tissue behavior of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in turbot Scophthalmus maximus at two water temperatures

Liang

Zhao

et al. 2012

Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol.

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Turbot Scophthalmus maximus , an important aquaculture species in China, currently suffers from epizootic diseases because of high density aquaculture. Enrofl oxacin has been used to treat various systemic bacterial fi sh infections. However, studies concerning the pharmacokinetics of enrofl oxacin in turbot are limited. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of enrofl oxacin and its metabolite ciprofl oxacin, were investigated in the turbot following intravenous and oral administration at 10 mg enrofl oxacin/kg body weight, at 16°C and 10°C water temperatures. The concentrations of enrofl oxacin and ciprofl oxacin in the main tissues (plasma, muscle, liver and kidney) were detected by HPLC. The results show that the plasma concentration-time data for enrofl oxacin were best described as a two-compartment open model after intravenous and oral administration. Three pharmacokinetic equations were established between the concentrations and temperatures. The kinetic profi le of enrofl oxacin was temperature dependent. The absorption half-life of enrofl oxacin was 1.99 h and 2.17 h after oral administration, whereas the elimination half-life of the drug was 98.63 h and 136.59 h at 16°C and 10°C, respectively. The peak concentration of enrofl oxacin in plasma and tissues was higher at 16°C than that at 10°C, and the peak plasma concentration time in the liver was the shortest at both temperatures among those of other tissues. The plasma C max /MIC ratio varied between 11.08 and 5 540.00 at 16°C; and between 7.92 and 3 960.00 at 10°C. The AUC/MIC ratio was 467.82-280 690.00 at 16°C, and 359.48-215 690.00 at 10°C. These ratios indicate that it is possible to obtain therapeutic effi cacy. Very low levels of ciprofl oxacin were detected. The AUC ratios of ciprofl oxacin and enrofl oxacin in plasma suggest that plasma ciprofl oxacin might play a minor role in enrofl oxacin treatment for turbot.

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Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Its Metabolite Ciprofloxacin in Male and Female Turkeys following Intravenous and Oral Administration

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Efficacy of four enrofloxacin treatment regimens against experimental infection in turkey poults with avian pneumovirus andOrnithobacterium rhinotracheale

Efficacy of four enrofloxacin treatment regimens against experimental infection in turkey poults with avian pneumovirus andOrnithobacterium rhinotracheale

Comparison of the efficacy of four antimicrobial treatment schemes against experimentalOrnithobacterium rhinotrachealeinfection in turkey poults pre-infected with avian pneumovirus

Pharmacokinetics and tissue behavior of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in turbot Scophthalmus maximus at two water temperatures

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