Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin in dogs

Abstract

Four dogs were given 5 mg/kg body weight enrofloxacin intravenously (i.v.) and orally (p.o.) in a cross-over study. Plasma concentrations of the active ingredient enrofloxacin and its main metabolite ciprofloxacin were determined by a reversed phase liquid chromatographic method. Pharmacokinetic parameters of both substances were calculated by use of statistical moments and were compared to those of enrofloxacin described in the veterinary literature. Mean enrofloxacin t1/2 lambda z was 2.4 h, mean Cls was 27.1 ml/min.kg, and mean Vss was 7.0 l/kg. After i.v. and p.o. administration, concentrations of ciprofloxacin exceeding minimal inhibitory concentrations of several microorganisms were reached (Cmax = 0.2 microgram/ml, tmax = 2.2 h after intravenous administration; Cmax = 0.2 microgram/ml, tmax = 3.6 h after oral administration). A considerable part of the antimicrobial activity is due to ciprofloxacin, the main metabolite of enrofloxacin.

Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Flunixin Meglumine and Enrofloxacin in ICR Mice

“…It has been reported that enrofloxacin is deethylated to ciprofloxacin in many animal species [1,5,6,11]. However, in this study, ciprofloxacin could not be detected in mice plasma following the administration of enrofloxacin alone or its coadministration with flunixin.…”

Identification of Multiresistant Salmonella Isolates Capable of Subsisting on Antibiotics

“…Since the isolates were of animal origin, the antibiotics included drugs either used in veterinary medicine or closely related to veterinary antibacterials. The antibiotics chosen were amikacin, ampicillin, cefepime (an extended-spectrum and beta-lactamase-resistant human cephalosporin chosen because of the pending FDA approval of the use of cefquinome in cattle), ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin (a metabolite of the veterinary fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin [10]), florfenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and vancomycin (chosen because of its relationship to the poultry feed additive avoparcin). Except for cefepime (Bristol-Myers Squibb Company) and florfenicol (Schering-Plough), all antibiotics were obtained from Sigma.…”

ETLiK PİLİÇLERDE ENROFLOKSASiNiN FARMAKOKİNETİĞİ VE MANGANLA ENROFLOKSASİN ARASINDA EMiLME YÖNÜNDEN ETKİLEŞME

“…ilacın sindirim kanalından emilmesinin devam etmesinden ileri geldiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ağızdan kullanılma durumunda bu sonuçlar etlik piliçlerde yapılan diğer bazı çalışmalarla (I) benzerlik gösterirken, tavşan (4), köpek (12,22) Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar enrofloksasinin etlik piliçlerde sindirim kanalından emilme oranının düşük olduğunu ve yem katkı maddesi olarak manganlı yemle birlikte verildiğinde emilme oranının arttığını göstermiştir.…”