Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in Japanese quails and common pheasants

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin was studied in Japanese quails and common pheasants. Healthy mature birds from both species and both genders were treated intravenously and orally with enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) and marbofloxacin (5 mg/kg). After intravenous administration enrofloxacin was extensively metabolised to ciprofloxacin. Metabolites of marbofloxacin were not detected. Values of volume of distribution were respectively 4.63 l/kg and 3.67 l/kg for enrofloxacin and 1.56 l/kg and 1.43 l/kg for marbofloxacin. In quails, total body clearance values were higher than those in pheasants and other avian species. After oral application enrofloxacin was rapidly absorbed in quails, more rapidly than marbofloxacin. Pheasants absorbed both antimicrobials at a lower rate. Higher bioavailability was observed for marbofloxacin (118%). Relatively low bioavailability was established in quails for enrofloxacin (26.4%), accompanied by extensive conversion to ciprofloxacin. Generally, quails absorbed and eliminated both fluoroquinolones more rapidly than pheasants; the latter showed pharmacokinetics similar to poultry. Because of favourable pharmacokinetic properties, marbofloxacin should be preferred for oral administration in Japanese quails and pheasants for treatment of infections caused by equally susceptible pathogens.

Pharmacokinetics and tissue residue of enrofloxacin in healthy,Eimeria-infected broiler chickens and those pre-treated with amprolium and toltrazuril

“…Similar values for systemic bioavailability (F %) were also recorded for enrofloxacin in broilers (79.64%) [ 29 ], (80.1%) [ 41 ], (80%) [ 28 ] and (74.64%) [ 30 ]. However, our value for F% was higher than the value reported in broilers (64%) [ 14 ], (59.61%) [ 42 ] and (62.26%) [ 32 ] and was lower than the value reported in common pheasants (118%) [ 4 ].…”

“…Enrofloxacin is one of the most commonly used fluoroquinolones. It has a bactericidal effect against Gram-negative bacteria, Mycoplasma and aerobic, anaerobic bacteria including strains resistant to many other antimicrobial agents [4]. Enrofloxacin is indicated clinically for the treatment of gastroenteric, respiratory, urogenital and skin infections in pigs, calves, cattle, and poultry [5,6].…”

“…Enrofloxacin is indicated clinically for the treatment of gastroenteric, respiratory, urogenital and skin infections in pigs, calves, cattle, and poultry [ 5 , 6 ]. Several kinds of research were carried out for pharmacokinetics pattern of enrofloxacin in different species including pigs [ 7 ], rabbits [ 8 ], sheep [ 9 , 10 ], goats [ 11 ], horses [ 12 , 13 ], poultry [ 5 , 6 , 14 , 15 ], turkey [ 16 ] and Japanese quail [ 4 ] under normal conditions. Moreover, it has been reported that pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin is altered when concurrent administration with albendazole in calves [ 17 ].…”

Effect of fluoroquinolones on the male chicken reproductive organs

“…Сьогодні є тенденція до зростання рівня хронічних захворювань птиці бактеріального походження (Lashev et al, 2015). Застосування антибіотиків в птахівництві викликає все більше занепокоєння, адже це несе певні небезпеки (Mekala et al, 2014).…”

Pharmacokinetics, withdrawal period and risk assessment of enrofloxacin in the northern snakehead (Channa argus) following bath administration

“…Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a third‐generation quinolone antibacterial agent specially used in animals. It is widely used in aquaculture in view of its broad spectrum antibacterial activity and excellent pharmacokinetic characteristics (Lashev et al., 2015). ENR has been proved to have good antibacterial activity against most aquatic pathogens such as Aeromonas (Uney et al., 2021), Flavobacterium (Van Vliet et al., 2017), yersiniosis (Rostang et al., 2021), and Vibrio (Roque & Gomez‐Gil, 2003), and it is active at low concentrations, compared with other classes of antimicrobial agents (Langston et al., 2010).…”