Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and behaviour of its metabolite florfenicol amine in orange‐spotted grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>) after oral administration

The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) was studied after single intravenous (10 mg kg ) and oral (100 mg kg ) administration. The plasma concentration-time data of florfenicol were described by an open one-compartment model. The elimination half-life (t ) was estimated to be 21.0 h, and the total body clearance, Cl, was determined as 0.028 L kg h . The apparent volume distribution (V ) was calculated to be 0.86 L kg and the mean residence time (MRT ) was 30.2 h. Following oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration (C ) of 55.4 μg mL was reached at 12 h (T ). The absorption constant (k ) was 0.158 h . The bioavailability was estimated to be 57.1%. The low bioavailability observed at higher doses was explained by the saturation of the mechanisms of absorption. The drug absorption process was limited by its inherent low solubility, which limited the amount of available FF absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, an optimal dosing schedule for FF administration is hereby provided. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration found for susceptible strains of Aeromonas salmonicida, oral FF administration of first, an initial dose of 30 mg FF kg , followed by 6 maintenance doses at 18 mg kg /daily could be effective against furunculosis in turbot.

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“… and Feng et al . () and Zhao et al . () in similar studies (10, 6, 9 h, 2.26 and 1.61 h, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…; Feng et al . ; Wang et al . ) but it appears that no studies on florfenicol have been conducted in turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetic model of florfenicol in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): establishment of optimal dosage and administration in medicated feed

Ocenda

Almeida-Prieto

Luzardo-Álvarez

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Besides crucian carp (Zhao et al., ), the plasma PK of FF has been reported in some other fish species including turbot (De Ocenda et al., ), grouper (Feng, Huang, Zhong, Liu, & Dong, ), tilapia (Feng & Jia, ), catfish (Park, Lim, Kim, & Yun, ), cod (Samuelsen et al., ), salmon (Martinsen, Horsberg, Varma, & Sams, ), koi carp, and threespot gourami (Yanong et al., ). The results of these studies showed that FF was absorbed quickly and distributed widely in fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) at three temperatures after one single intramuscular injection

Yang

Kong

et al. 2018

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol (FF) or florfenicol amine (FFA) in crucian carp were compared at different water temperatures after single intramuscular administration of FF at 10 mg/kg bodyweight. The concentrations of FF and FFA were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography method, and then, the concentration versus time data were subjected to compartmental analysis using a one-compartment open model. At the water temperatures of 10, 20, and 25°C, the peak concentrations (C s) of FF were 2.28, 2.29, and 2.34 μg/ml, respectively, while those of FFA were 0.42, 0.71, and 0.82 μg/ml, respectively. And the absorption half-life (t ) of FF was 0.21, 0.19, and 0.21 hr, while the elimination half-life (t ) was 31.66, 24.77, and 21.48 hr, respectively. For FFA, the formation half-life (t ) was 3.85, 8.97, and 12.43 hr, while the t was 58.34, 30.27, and 21.22 hr, respectively. The results presented here demonstrated that the water temperature had effects on the elimination of both FF and FFA and the formation of FFA. Based on the T > MIC values calculated here, to treat the infections of bacterial with MIC value ≤ 0.5 μg/ml, FF intramuscularly given at 10 mg/kg bodyweight with a 72-hr interval is sufficient at the water temperature of 10°C, while the intervals of 60 and 48 hr were needed at 20 and 25°C, respectively. But to treat bacterial with higher MIC values, more FF or FF at 10 mg/kg BW but with shorter intervals should be intramuscularly given to the infected fish.

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“…Considering the aim of this study and the fact that FF was not transformed into FFA in some fish, evaluations were made on FF. It also has been observed that FFA was determined to be very low compared to FF in some fish (Feng, Huang, Zhong, Liu, & Dong, ; Park, Lim, Kim, & Yun, ). In the light of these evaluations, it can be stated that the WT value determined for FF in fish grown in Black Sea is much lower than 500°C‐day value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the muscle residue levels and withdrawal time of florfenicol in healthy and experimentallyLactococcus garvieaeinfected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) grown in the Black Sea water

Türe¹,

Taçbaş

Baydan

et al. 2019

Aquac Res

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The aim of this study was to determine, muscle residue level (MRL) and withdrawal time (WT) of florfenicol (FF), in healthy and infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Lactococcus garvieae. Fish were divided into the four groups, Group I (Infected fish fed with FF free diet, n = 10), Group II (Healthy fish fed with FF free diet, n = 10), Group III (Infected fish fed with FF containing diet, n = 80) and Group IV (Healthy fish fed with FF containing diet, n = 80). Fish in Group I and Group III were infected with 1.8×106 cfu/ml Lactococcus garvieae by immersion. FF containing diet was applied fish (10 mg kg‐1 day‐1) in Group III and IV for 10 days. FF residues in fish muscles were analysed by validated HPLC method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of the method were determined to be 0.31 μg/g and 0.64 μg/g, respectively, and the recovery was 92.61%. As a result of the experiments, there was no significant difference between the infected and healthy group in term of MRLs. However, in both groups, it was determined that third‐day values were below MRLs (1,000 μg/kg). Also, the WT values were lower than the 500°C‐day values reported in the EC commission decision in both groups and were determined as 14.5 and 14.12 (water temperature mean 18°C ± 1) per day, respectively.

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Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and behaviour of its metabolite florfenicol amine in orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) after oral administration

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Pharmacokinetic model of florfenicol in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): establishment of optimal dosage and administration in medicated feed

Pharmacokinetic model of florfenicol in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): establishment of optimal dosage and administration in medicated feed

Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) at three temperatures after one single intramuscular injection

Determination of the muscle residue levels and withdrawal time of florfenicol in healthy and experimentallyLactococcus garvieaeinfected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) grown in the Black Sea water

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