Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) after a single oral administration

Kverme, Karen obrestad; Haugland, Gyri Teien; Hannisdal, Rita; Kallekleiv, Marielle; Colquhoun, Duncan J.; Lunestad, Bjørn Tore; Wergeland, Heidrun I.; Samuelsen, Ole Bent

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734279

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In muscle and liver of Atlantic salmon, the tissue/plasma ratios for OA where calculated to 5.7 and 5.9, respectively, demonstrating a much better distribution of OA in this species compared to lumpfish (22). In a similar pharmacokinetic study of FFC in lumpfish, only the head kidney/plasma ratio exceeded 1.0, indicating a substantial lower distribution of florfenicol (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…While the absorption rate for FLU was fast in lumpfish (plasma T max of 7.7 h) considerable variation in plasma T max has been documented in other fish species, with 6, 10, and 13.7 h in Atlantic salmon, 7 h in turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus L.), 7 and 20 h in Atlantic halibut and 24 h in Atlantic cod (19, 20, 25, 33, 34). In a recent study, a T max of 21.2 h was found for FFC in lumpfish held at 12°C (26), hence a significantly slower absorption rate compared to FLU and OA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, we have used LC-MS/MS, which is an rapid method to determine the concentration of drug residues (29). In previous study, we used this method for determination of uptake and elimination of florfenicol in lumpfish (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final in-feed concentration of FLU was determined to be 5.2 ± 0.8 g per kg using LC-MS/MS as described below. The pellets were mixed 1:1 with milliQ water and homogenized as described previously (26) to make a paste, which was easily administered to the fish via a silicone hose and a syringe. The amount of feed administered to each fish corresponded to a dose of 25 mg OA or 25 mg FLU per kg fish, which is the dose recommended from the feed producer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetic Data Show That Oxolinic Acid and Flumequine Are Absorbed and Excreted Rapidly From Plasma and Tissues of Lumpfish

et al. 2019

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This study examined the uptake, tissue distribution and elimination of the antibacterial agents oxolinic acid and flumequine in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) by use of LC-MS/MS following a single oral administration of 25 mg/kg fish given in feed. Lumpfish are increasingly used as cleaner fish for removal of sea lice on commercially farmed salmon. The production of lumpfish is successful, but there are challenges with bacterial infections and the number of antibacterial treatments has increased in recent years. As the lumpfish is a novel species to farming, there is a need for pharmacokinetic data and establishment of protocols for efficient antibacterial treatment. The current study describes the pharmacokinetic properties of oxolinic acid and flumequine in lumpfish. Absorption of oxolinic acid was moderate and was characterized by a calculated peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 2.12 μg/ml after 10.3 h (Tmax) and an elimination half-life (t1/2β) of 21 h. Area under curve (AUC) and AUC from 0 to 24 h (AUC0−24h) were calculated to be 60.9 and 34.0 h μg/ml, respectively. For flumequine, plasma Cmax was found to be 2.77 μg/ml after 7.7 h (Tmax) with t1/2β of 22 h. The area under the curve (AUC) and AUC from 0 to 24 h (AUC0−24) were calculated as 104.3 and 50.3 h μg/ml, respectively. Corresponding Cmax values in muscle, liver, and head-kidney for oxolinic acid were 4.01, 3.04, and, 4.68 μg/g, respectively and Tmax of 11.1, 9.2, and 10.0 h, respectively. For flumequine, Cmax values of 4.16, 4.01, and 7.48 μg/g were obtained in muscle, liver, and head kidney, respectively, with corresponding Tmax values of 10.2, 10.3, and 6.0 h. Antimicrobial susceptibility values as determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analyses against 28 isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from diseased lumpfish ranged from 0.06 to 15 μg/ml for oxolinic acid and 0.024 to 6.25 μg/ml for flumequine. Bimodal distributions in susceptibility to both oxolinic acid and flumequine were observed. The combination of pharmacokinetic properties and MIC data make possible calculation of efficient treatment doses, which are needed to improve the welfare of lumpfish and minimize development of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetic Data Show That Oxolinic Acid and Flumequine Are Absorbed and Excreted Rapidly From Plasma and Tissues of Lumpfish

et al. 2019

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“…Relevant causes include handling, such as non-medicinal lice treatments; also skin wounds, fin erosions and mechanical injuries (some of which might be directly or indirectly related to different handling procedures), in addition to poor fish quality, environmental conditions, aggression/predation and disease, especially bacterial infections (Nilsen et al, 2014;Bornø et al, 2016;Hjeltnes et al, 2019;Mattilsynet, 2020). There is generally a lack of effective treatment protocols (Scholz et al, 2018a), although there are some recommendations for medicinal treatment of infectious diseases in cleaner fish (Gu & Skjelstad, ;Treasurer & Birkbeck, 2018;Pietrak & Backman, 2018;Powell et al, 2018;Scholz et al, 2018a;Kverme et al, 2019;Haugland et al, 2019). In addition, antimicrobial treatment is not necessarily effective against all types of pathogens, such as P. salmonis in salmonids (Rozas & Enriquez, 2014).…”

Section: Commercial and Experimental Vaccines For Cleaner Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleaner fish in aquaculture: review on diseases and vaccination

Erkinharju

Dalmo

Hansen

et al. 2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Combating and controlling sea lice causes large economic costs for the farmers, with estimated values of more than 305 million euros (€) per year. Increased resistance against traditional chemotherapeutants due to evolutionary drivers in the sea lice combined with the lack of an effective vaccine and few other chemical treatments available are expected to cause these costs to increase. Several possible methods for managing sea lice infestations have been investigated, but only cleaner fish has proven to have an effect on lice levels. Cleaning activity is well known in marine fish and has been observed in the wild as a form of symbiosis between two species: one species, the 'client' fish, seek out the other species, the 'cleaner' fish, to have ectoparasites and dead tissue cleared from its body. The Atlantic lumpfish is a relatively new aquaculture species, and wild-caught mature fish are used as brood stock for farmed production. This poses a biosecurity risk, as wild fish can carry pathogens, and the use of quarantine and health screening is recommended. Vaccine development is unfortunately lagging far behind relatively to the wide spread and high utilisation of the fish. This review contains description of the main pathogens and diseases that affect cleaner fish.

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Evaluation of absorption and depletion of florfenicol in European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax

Kogiannou

Nikoloudaki

Katharios

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Along with gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax is an economically important species in Mediterranean marine fish farming, with production reaching 191,000 tons in 2016 (EUMOFA, 2018). In the grow-out stage, the main farming practises of European seabass make use of cage facilities where a large number of growing animals are engaged in a 12-month struggle for life against several different stressors. The ensuing disease outbreaks can become a serious economic hazard for caged European seabass. Proper health management practices and high standards of hygiene are the most effective preventive control methods to reduce the risks of a disease outbreak. Among the potential disease sources, bacterial pathogens are perhaps the most frequently encountered for European seabass (Colorni & Padros, 2011). Despite the preventive strategies adopted in aquaculture enterprises, bacterial outbreaks are occasionally inevitable especially when commercial vaccination is lacking and thus, in those cases the use of antibacterial compounds appears as the sole option.In most Mediterranean countries, only a few antibacterial compounds are licensed for aquatic medical use (EC470/, 2009; EC37/, 2010; Rigos & Troisi, 2005). A narrow range of available antibacterial compounds may however trigger the spread of antibiotic resistance, thus reducing the available therapeutic options (Watts et al., 2017).

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Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) after a single oral administration

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Pharmacokinetic Data Show That Oxolinic Acid and Flumequine Are Absorbed and Excreted Rapidly From Plasma and Tissues of Lumpfish

Pharmacokinetic Data Show That Oxolinic Acid and Flumequine Are Absorbed and Excreted Rapidly From Plasma and Tissues of Lumpfish

Cleaner fish in aquaculture: review on diseases and vaccination

Evaluation of absorption and depletion of florfenicol in European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax

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