Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in llamas following a single intravenous dose

Navarre, Christine B.; Ravis, William R.; Nagilla, Rakesh; Deshmukh, D. D.; Simpkins, Amy H.; Duran, S. H.; Pugh, David G.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.2001.00356.x

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Table 3 demonstrates the differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters in llamas of the NSAIDS that have been reported in the literature to date: meloxicam (present study), flunixin meglumine [6], ketoprofen [7], and phenylbutazone [8]. Of the four, PK values for oral administration have only been reported for phenylbutazone previously, and now meloxicam, while IV data is available for all four compounds studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Therefore, knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of NSAIDS in the specific species of interest will be required to provide for safe and efficacious use. Previous studies have been completed evaluating the pharmacokinetics of the NSAIDS flunixin meglumine [6], ketoprofen [7], and phenylbutazone [8] in llamas, however, studies investigating the pharmacokinetics, in camelids, of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs considered to be cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective are deficient in the published literature. In general, the beneficial therapeutic actions of NSAIDS are thought to be related to inhibition of COX-2, and the undesirable side effects such as gastrointestinal ulceration due to non-selective inhibition of both COX isoforms[9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam in llamas

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundSouth American camelids in the United States have rapidly developed into an important agricultural industry in need of veterinary services. Pain management is challenging in camelids because there are no drugs currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in these species. Dosage regimens used for many therapeutic drugs have been extrapolated from other ruminants; however, the pharmacokinetics, in camelids, may differ from those of other species. Studies investigating the pharmacokinetics of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in camelids are deficient in the published literature. Six adult llamas (121- 168 kg) were administered either a 1 mg/kg dose of oral or a 0.5 mg/kg dose of IV meloxicam in a randomized cross-over design with an 11 day washout period between treatments. Plasma samples collected up to 96 hours post-administration were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS) followed by non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis.ResultsA mean peak plasma concentration (CMAX) of 1.314 μg/mL (Range: 0.826 – 1.776 μg/mL) was recorded at 21.4 hours (Range: 12.0 – 24.0 hours) with a half-life (T ½ λz) of 22.7 hours (Range: 18.0 – 30.8 hours) after oral meloxicam administration. In comparison, a half-life (T ½ λz) of 17.4 hours (Range: 16.2 – 20.7 hours) was demonstrated with IV meloxicam administration. The oral bioavailability (F) of meloxicam (dose normalized) was 76% (Range: 48 – 92%). No adverse effects associated with either treatment modality were observed in the llamas.ConclusionsThe mean bioavailability (F) of oral meloxicam was 76% indicating a high degree of gastrointestinal absorption. Plasma meloxicam concentrations >0.2 μg/mL were maintained for up to 72 h after oral administration; >0.2 μg/mL is considered to be the concentration of meloxicam required for analgesic effects in other species such as the horse. These data suggest that a single dosage of oral meloxicam at 1 mg/kg could potentially maintain therapeutic concentrations in plasma for up to 3 days in adult llamas.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam in llamas

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To date, there have been no studies evaluating flunixin meglumine in alpacas. The pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine has been evaluated in llamas (Navarre et al, ). Flunixin meglumine administered at 2.2 mg/kg IV to llamas resulted in a short half‐life, low volume of distribution and prolonged clearance (Navarre et al, ) compared to other large animal species (Odensvik, ; Soma, Behrend, Rudy, & Sweeney, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and transdermal flunixin meglumine in alpacas

Reppert

Kleinhenz

Montgomery

et al. 2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis inhibiting effects of intravenous (IV) and transdermal (TD) flunixin meglumine in eight, adult, female, Huacaya alpacas. A dose of 2.2 mg/kg administered IV and 3.3 mg/kg administered TD using a cross‐over design. Plasma flunixin concentrations were measured by LC‐MS/MS. Prostaglandin E2 concentrations were determined using a commercially available ELISA. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed using noncompartmental methods. Plasma PGE2 concentrations decreased after IV flunixin meglumine administration but there was minimal change after TD application. Mean t1/2λz after IV administration was 4.531 hr (range 3.355 to 5.571 hr) resulting from a mean Vz of 570.6 ml/kg (range, 387.3 to 1,142 ml/kg) and plasma clearance of 87.26 ml kg−1 hr−1 (range, 55.45–179.3 ml kg−1 hr−1). The mean Cmax, Tmax and t1/2λz for flunixin following TD administration were 106.4 ng/ml (range, 56.98 to 168.6 ng/ml), 13.57 hr (range, 6.000–34.00 hr) and 24.06 hr (18.63 to 39.5 hr), respectively. The mean bioavailability for TD flunixin was calculated as 25.05%. The mean 80% inhibitory concentration (IC80) of PGE2 by flunixin meglumine was 0.23 µg/ml (range, 0.01 to 1.38 µg/ml). Poor bioavailability and poor suppression of PGE2 identified in this study indicate that TD flunixin meglumine administered at 3.3 mg/kg is not recommended for use in alpacas.

show abstract

“…[1,19,13]) and its pharmacokinetic properties has been studied in cattle [8,12], sheep [18,2], camels [14,16] and llamas [9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Flunixin after Intravenous, Intramuscular and Oral Administration to Dairy Goats

Königsson

Törneke

Engeland³

et al. 2003

Acta Vet Scand

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pharmacokinetics and the prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibiting effect of flunixin were determined in 6 Norwegian dairy goats. The dose was 2.2 mg/kg body weight administered by intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral (p.o.) routes using a cross-over design. Plasma flunixin content was analysed by use of liquid chromatography and the PG synthesis was evaluated by measuring plasma 15-ketodihydro-PGF2α by a radioimmuno-assay. Results are presented as median (range). The elimination half-lives (t1/2·λ) were 3.6 (2.0–5.0), 3.4 (2.6–6.8) and 4.3 (3.4–6.1) h for i.v., i.m. and p.o. administration, respectively. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 0.35 (0.23–0.41) L/kg and clearance (CL), 110 (60–160) mL/h/kg. The plasma concentrations after oral administration showed a double-peak phenomenon with the two peaks occurring at 0.37 (0.25–1) and 3.5 (2.5–5.0) h, respectively. Both peaks were in the same order of magnitude. Bioavailability was 79 (53–112) and 58 (35%–120)% for i.m. and p.o. administration, respectively. 15-Ketodihydro-PGF2α plasma concentrations decreased after flunixin administration independent of the route of administration.

show abstract

Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in llamas following a single intravenous dose

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam in llamas

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam in llamas

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and transdermal flunixin meglumine in alpacas

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Flunixin after Intravenous, Intramuscular and Oral Administration to Dairy Goats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About