Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration of a single dose to African grey parrots (<i>Psittacus erithacus</i>)

Montesinos, Andrés; Ardiaca, María; Gilabert, J.; Bonvehí, Cristina; Orós, Jorge; Encinas, T.

doi:10.1111/jvp.12350

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, other studies in avian species found that giving meloxicam orally can be associated with slow absorption and poor or variable bioavailability. 2,6,9,10,12 In contrast to the lack of dose effect on T max , t 1/2 , and elimination rate constants, AUC 0-∞ values differed significantly between the 1-and 2-mg/kg doses. With 2 mg/kg meloxicam achieving a C max of 12,239 ng/mL and a t 1/2 of 5.68 h, the target plasma concentration of 3500 ng/mL was maintained for approximately 9.5 h; this duration was considerably longer than the 5.5 h for birds given 1 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Figure 1 depicts the mean plasma concentration of meloxicam at 1 and 2 mg/kg plotted against the 5 time points; the dashed horizontal line shows the plasma concentration (3500 ng/mL) considered to provide analgesia in previous reports regarding various bird species. 2,10,12,14 A noncompartmental model was used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters presented in Table 1. Neither T max , t 1/2 , nor elimination rate constants differed significantly between the 2 doses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximal drug levels in plasma were achieved quickly, within 30 min of dosing. The elimination half-lives of 3.24 h for 1 mg/kg meloxicam and 5.68 h for 2 mg/kg in zebra finches are short relative to those after a single intramuscular dose in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (15.1 h, 1 mg/kg IM), 10 African grey parrots (35.3 h, 1 mg/kg IM), 12 and African penguins (31.87 h, 0.5 mg/kg IM). 14 Conversely, t 1/2 values in finches were longer than those determined for a single intramuscular dose of meloxicam in American flamingos (1.83 h, 1 mg/kg IM), 2 vultures (0.42 h, 2 mg/kg IM), 15 and lesser flamingos (1.93 h, 0.5 mg/kg IM).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This analysis assumed log-linear distribution for the pharmacokinetic parameter, and a P value of 0.05 or less was defined as significant. A plasma concentration of 3500 ng/mL meloxicam, which was determined to be efficacious in Hispaniolan parrots with experimentally induced arthritis 3 and used by other authors, 2,10,12,14 was considered a target level in the current study. Pharmacokinetic analysis was completed by using Phoenix WinNonlin version 8.1 (Certara, Princeton, NJ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intramuscular Meloxicam in Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

Miller

Hill

Carrasco

et al. 2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) are songbirds that often undergo surgical procedures as part of research into learning and memory; these surgeries include those for intracranial injections and cranial implants. At our institution, birds receive subcutaneous lidocaine (a local anesthetic) and intramuscular buprenorphine (an opioid analgesic) preoperatively, with buprenorphine continued every 12 h postoperatively for 2 to 3 d. More recently, the possibility of substituting meloxicam (a COX2-selective NSAID) for buprenorphine, or adding meloxicam to the existing analgesia regimen for a more multimodal approach, has been suggested. The enhanced pain control derived from using lidocaine, buprenorphine, and meloxicam could be of particular benefit in finch surgeries that are particularly invasive or complicated. However, although meloxicam is the most popular NSAID used in birds, 7 the optimal dose and frequency for zebra finches are unknown. Publications that describe the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in diverse, nonpasserine avian species (doses ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 mg/kg IM, IV, SC, or PO) 1,2,6,8-10,12-15,18 report a wide range of elimination half-lifes (t 1/2 ). For example, vultures dosed once with 2 mg/ kg meloxicam IM had an elimination t 1/2 of 0.42 h, 15 whereas African grey parrots had a t 1/2 of 35.3 h after a dose of 1 mg/kg IM. 12 Such results have caused numerous authors to emphasize the need for species-specific pharmacokinetic analyses before administering meloxicam to any bird. Additional concerns when giving an NSAID include the potential for renal damage, as reflected in uric acid levels and kidney histology, 16,17 and for gastrointestinal effects; with intramuscular administration, another potential sequela is necrosis at the injection site. As is often the case in laboratory animal medicine, giving meloxicam to zebra finches constitutes an extralabel use.We performed a study using healthy, adult zebra finches that entailed the administration of 1 or 2 mg/kg meloxicam intramuscularly to help elucidate an optimal dosing regimen, as well as to reveal any evidence of toxicity. Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed after a single dose, whereas biochemical analytes, Hct, and histology were evaluated after multiple doses. Our findings are the first to characterize the use of meloxicam in a passerine species. Materials and MethodsAnimals. Male (n = 46) and female (n = 46) wildtype zebra finches older than 90 d were involved in the study; all the birds were in good health clinically and had adequate body condition scores. Finches were maintained in an AAALAC-accredited facility under a 12:12-h light:dark cycle, with temperatures from 73 to 77 °F (22.8 to 25.0 °C) and ambient humidity set at 30% to 70%. The main diet was a fortified millet-canary grass seed-oat mix (Supreme Fortified Daily Diet: Finch, Kaytee Products, Chilton, WI), to which a high-protein supplement (High Potency Mash, Harrison's Bird Foods, HBD International, Brentwood, TN), moistened and mixed with minced hard-boiled eggs, wa...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intramuscular Meloxicam in Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

Miller

Hill

Carrasco

et al. 2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The NSAID meloxicam is, a known selective COX-2 inhibitor (Furst, 1997; Hawkey, 1999; Kimura and Kontani, 2009) that has been shown to cross the blood brain barrier (Dehouck et al, 1992; Novakova et al, 2014). It provides effective pain relief in orthodontic pain and animal models of temporomandibular joint pain without the same risk of adverse side effects (Zarif Najafi et al, 2015; Montesinos et al, 2016; Zhang and Gan, 2017). Although meloxicam administration before a painful nerve root compression has been shown to prevent pain onset (Philips et al, 2017), the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible its effectiveness after nerve root injury are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-treatment with Meloxicam Prevents the Spinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in DRG Neurons that Accompany Painful Cervical Radiculopathy

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Painful neuropathic injuries are accompanied by robust inflammatory and oxidative stress responses that contribute to the development and maintenance of pain. After neural trauma the inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) increases concurrent with pain onset. Although pre-treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, before a painful nerve root compression prevents the development of pain, the pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown. This study evaluated if pre-treatment with meloxicam prior to painful root injury prevents pain by reducing spinal inflammation and peripheral oxidative stress. Glial activation and expression of the inflammatory mediator secreted phospholipase A (sPLA) in the spinal cord were assessed at day 7 using immunohistochemistry. The extent of oxidative damage was measured using the oxidative stress marker, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) and localization of 8-OHG with neurons, microglia and astrocytes in the spinal cord and peripherally in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) at day 7. In addition to reducing pain, meloxicam reduced both spinal microglial and astrocytic activation at day 7 after nerve root compression. Spinal sPLA was also reduced with meloxicam treatment, with decreased production in neurons, microglia and astrocytes. Oxidative damage following nerve root compression was found predominantly in neurons rather than glial cells. The expression of 8-OHG in DRG neurons at day 7 was reduced with meloxicam. These findings suggest that meloxicam may prevent the onset of pain following nerve root compression by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress both centrally in the spinal cord and peripherally in the DRG.

show abstract

General Principles of Analgesia and Anesthesia in Wildlife

Hawkins

Guzmán

Paul-Murphy

2019

Medical Management of Wildlife Species

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration of a single dose to African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intramuscular Meloxicam in Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intramuscular Meloxicam in Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

Pre-treatment with Meloxicam Prevents the Spinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in DRG Neurons that Accompany Painful Cervical Radiculopathy

General Principles of Analgesia and Anesthesia in Wildlife

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About