Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in mature swine after intravenous and oral administration

Pairis‐Garcia, Monique D.; Johnson, Anna K.; KuKanich, Butch; Wulf, Larry W.; Millman, Suzanne T.; Stalder, K. J.; Karriker, Locke A.; Coetzee, Johann F.

doi:10.1111/jvp.12170

Cited by 29 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…There are no reports of volume of distribution/F following an intramuscular dose for flunixin, but the value reported in the present study (0.92 L/kg) is greater than that previously reported following IV doses in 10-day-old piglets [0.25 L/kg and 0.26 L/kg, (20)]. However, it is also much lower than that reported in juvenile pigs (18-27 kg body weight) following IV dose [1.83 L/kg, (32)]. In gilts, bioavailability of flunixin has been reported at 76% following an intramuscular dose of 2.2 mg/kg compared to an IV dose of the same amount (34), but there have been no bioavailability studies in piglets.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

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Comparative Plasma and Interstitial Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam, Flunixin, and Ketoprofen in Neonatal Piglets

et al. 2020

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Piglet castration and tail-docking are routinely performed in the United States without analgesia. Pain medications, predominately non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are used in the EU/Canada to decrease pain associated with processing and improve piglet welfare, however, past studies have shown the efficacy and required dose remain controversial, particularly for meloxicam. This study assessed the pharmacokinetics of three NSAIDs (meloxicam, flunixin, and ketoprofen) in piglets prior to undergoing routine castration and tail-docking. Five-day-old male piglets (8/group) received one of 3 randomized treatments; meloxicam (0.4 mg/kg), flunixin (2.2 mg/kg), ketoprofen (3.0 mg/kg). Two hours post-dose, piglets underwent processing. Drug concentrations were quantified in plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) and pharmacokinetic parameters were generated by non-compartmental analysis. Time to peak concentration (T max ) of meloxicam, flunixin, and S(-)-ketoprofen in plasma were 1.21, 0.85, and 0.59 h, compared to 2.81, 3.64, and 2.98 h in the ISF, respectively. The apparent terminal half-life of meloxicam, flunixin and S(-)-ketoprofen were 4. 39, 7.69, and 3.50 h, compared to 11.26, 16.34, and 5.54 h, respectively in the ISF. If drug concentrations in the ISF are more closely related to efficacy than the plasma, then the delay between the Tmax in plasma and ISF may be relevant to the timing of castration in order to provide the greatest analgesic effect.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…Est. unbound represents the percentage of the total plasma concentration that is estimated to be free or unbound from plasma proteins, sassuming flunixin is normally 99% protein bound (32).…”

Section: Meloxicammentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Plasma and Interstitial Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam, Flunixin, and Ketoprofen in Neonatal Piglets

et al. 2020

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“…Renal clearance for meloxicam was 0.17 ± 0.04 mL/h/kg ( Table 2). Volume of distribution/F in this study for meloxicam (0.42 L/kg) was comparable to that of other studies investigating piglets 5-23 days of age, as well as mature sows, given doses in the range of 0.4-1.0 mg/kg and given via intramuscular or intravenous routes of administration (18,19,22,24,25).…”

Section: Urinesupporting

confidence: 85%

“…4 mg/kg meloxicam (Meloxicam solution for injection 5 mg/mL, Putney, Inc., Portland, ME, USA), the labeled dose for pigs in Europe, or 2.2 mg/kg flunixin meglumine (Banamine-S®, Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ, USA), the labeled dose for pigs in the US. Blood samples (3 mL) were collected via the jugular catheter and transferred to lithium heparinized tubes at 0 (baseline), 0.08, 0.17, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6,8,10,12,18,24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 132, 156 and 180 h post-administration of flunixin or meloxicam. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3500 x g and the plasma collected for analysis of total drug concentrations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma, Urine and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin and Meloxicam in Pigs

Nixon

Mays

Routh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The objective of this study was to compare plasma and urine concentrations of flunixin and meloxicam in pigs, in order to determine urine withdrawal intervals for animals at livestock shows where urine is routinely tested for these drugs. Fourteen Yorkshire/Landrace cross pigs were housed in individual metabolism cages to facilitate complete urine collection. All animals were randomly divided into one of two treatment groups and received either 2.2 mg/kg flunixin or 0.4 mg/kg meloxicam via intramuscular injection. Plasma and urine were collected and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Pigs were humanely euthanized when meloxicam/flunixin could no longer be detected in two consecutive urine samples, and liver and kidneys were collected to quantify any potential residues.Results: Drug levels in urine reached peak concentrations between 4 and 8 h post-dose for both flunixin and meloxicam. Flunixin urine concentrations were higher than maximum levels determined in plasma. Urine concentrations for flunixin and meloxicam were last detected above the limit of quantification (LOQ) at 120 h (0.0005 μg/mL) and 48 h (0.001 μg/mL), respectively. Mean apparent elimination half-life in plasma was 5.00 ± 1.89 h and 3.22 ± 1.52 h for flunixin and meloxicam, respectively. Six of seven pigs had detectable liver concentrations of flunixin (range 0.0001-0.0012 μg/g) following negative urine samples at 96 and 168 h, however all samples at 168 h were below the FDA tolerance level (0.03 μg/g). Meloxicam was detected in a single liver sample at necropsy (0.0054 μg/g) at 72 h but was below the EU MRL (0.065 μg/g) which was used to determine a safety level when FDA tolerance or FSIS testing limits were not established. Urine concentrations did not relate to liver residues at the single slaughter time Conclusions: This data suggests that pigs given a single intramuscular dose of meloxicam at 0.4 mg/kg or flunixin at 2.2 mg/kg are unlikely to have tissue residues above the US FDA tolerance or EU MRL following negative urine testing. This information will assist in generating withdrawal intervals for these NSAIDs for show pigs that might undergo a urine test by the livestock show authorities.

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“…They include flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone, but these are based on doses rated for commercial pigs. Other NSAID reported for use in commercial pigs include meloxicam . One of the adverse risks of NSAID in the pig is gastrointestinal ulcers and for this reason the authors administered oral ranitidine to the pig initially at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, and then the meloxicam dose was titrated to 0.2 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femoral head ostectomy for the treatment of acetabular fracture and coxofemoral joint luxation in a Potbelly pig

et al. 2016

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Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in mature swine after intravenous and oral administration

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Comparative Plasma and Interstitial Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam, Flunixin, and Ketoprofen in Neonatal Piglets

Comparative Plasma and Interstitial Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam, Flunixin, and Ketoprofen in Neonatal Piglets

Plasma, Urine and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin and Meloxicam in Pigs

Femoral head ostectomy for the treatment of acetabular fracture and coxofemoral joint luxation in a Potbelly pig

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