Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in sheep

Moutafchieva, R.; Djouvinov, D.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00079.x

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The elimination half-life of gatifloxacin (10.4 ± 2.47 h) obtained in the present study was higher than the half-life reported for gatifloxacin (6.24-9.4 h) in humans (LaCreta et al, 2000a;Gajjar et al, 2000;Fish and North, 2001). High values have also been reported for the half-lives of other fluoroquinolones, marbofloxacin (5.7 h) in cattle (Thomas et al, 1994) and pefloxacin (6.88 h) in sheep (Moutafchieva and Djouvinov, 1997). The total body clearance of gatifloxacin in buffalo calves (235.1 ± 8.47 ml/(kg.h)) was higher than the values of Cl B (182-206 ml/min) reported after single intravenous injection of gatifloxacin in humans (Gajjar et al, 2000;LaCreta et al, 2000b).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Plasma Concentrations, Pharmacokinetics and Urinary Excretion of Gatifloxacin after Single Intravenous Injection in Buffalo Calves

2007

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The pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of gatifloxacin were investigated after a single intravenous injection of 4 mg/kg body weight in buffalo calves. The therapeutic plasma drug concentration was maintained for up to 12 h. Gatifloxacin rapidly distributed from blood to tissue compartments, which was evident from the high values of the distribution rate constant, alpha1 (11.1 +/- 1.06 h(-1)) and the rate constant of transfer of drug from central to peripheral compartment, k12 (6.29 +/- 0.46 h(-1)). The area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve and apparent volume of distribution were 17.1 +/- 0.63 (microg.h)/ml and 3.56 +/- 0.95 L/kg, respectively. The elimination half-life (t (1/2 beta)), total body clearance (ClB) and the ratio of drug present in tissues and plasma (T/P) were 10.4 +/- 2.47 h, 235.1 +/- 8.47 ml/(kg.h) and 10.1 +/- 2.25, respectively. About 19.7% of the administered drug was excreted in urine within 24 h. A satisfactory intravenous dosage regimen for gatifloxacin in buffalo calves would be 5.3 mg/kg at 24 h intervals.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Plasma Concentrations, Pharmacokinetics and Urinary Excretion of Gatifloxacin after Single Intravenous Injection in Buffalo Calves

2007

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“…In this study, the kinetics of pefloxacin and N -demethyl pefloxacin (norfloxacin) after a single IV and oral administration of pefloxacin (10 mg/kg BW) were determined. Disposition of pefloxacin and N -demethyl pefloxacin (norfloxacin) after IV and oral administration of pefloxacin in chickens was best described by use of a two-compartment model, in accordance with most of the results reported for humans (8, 10), calves (11), goats (13, 14), pigs (15), and sheep (16), but not for ducks and chickens (17, 18). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Pefloxacin is well distributed to the tissues [ V d(area) = 2.36 ± L/kg and V ss = 1.54 ± 0.33 L/kg, respectively]. The elimination half-life of pefloxacin after IV administration ( t ½β = 8.44 ± 0.48 h) was much longer than those previously reported in other studies: 2.21 h in calves (10), 1.12–1.6 h in goats (12, 13), and 2.84–3.25 in ducks (18) but comparable to that reported in sheep ( t ½β = 6.88 h) (16). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…In poultry medicine, the potential usefulness of pefloxacin for treatment of common infections in chickens for fattening requires detailed information on pharmacokinetics properties to establish the orally administered dose necessary for maintaining bactericidal drug concentrations in the body. Although studies on the kinetic behavior of pefloxacin in many species including man (8–10), calves (11), rabbits (12), goats (13, 14), pigs (15), and sheep (16) are available; pharmacokinetic investigations on pefloxacin in poultry are limited (17, 18). Results of a preliminary study in our laboratory in chickens were presented as a poster at 9th International EAVPT Congress (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Bioavailability and Plasma Disposition of Pefloxacin in Healthy Broiler Chickens

et al. 2017

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The pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin after single 10 mg/kg BW intravenous (IV) and oral doses were studied in healthy broiler chickens. For 24 h, serial blood samples were obtained after IV and oral administration. Concentrations of pefloxacin and its major metabolite N-demethyl pefloxacin (norfloxacin) were measured by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentrations–time data were found to fit a two-compartment open model. For pefloxacin, the elimination half-life (t½β) was 8.44 ± 0.48 and 13.18 ± 0.82 h after IV and oral administration, respectively. After single oral dose, pefloxacin was rapidly absorbed with an absorption half-life (t½a) and TMAX of 0.87 ± 0.07 and 2.01 ± 0.12 h, respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (CMAX) was 4.02 ± 0.31 µg/mL. Oral bioavailability of pefloxacin was found to be 70 ± 2%. Pefloxacin was converted to N-demethyl pefloxacin (norfloxacin). This metabolite represented 5% of the parent drug plasma concentrations. The maximal plasma concentration (CMAX) of N-demethyl pefloxacin (norfloxacin) was calculated as 0.19 ± 0.01 mg/mL. The t½β of N-demethyl pefloxacin after oral pefloxacin administration was 10.93 ± 0.80 h. The results indicate that an oral dose of 10 mg pefloxacin/kg BW, every 24 h, should be effective in treatment of the most systemic infections in poultry.

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“…The pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin were an object of investigations in different animal species, including cows (Patil et al. , 1996), sheep (Moutafchieva & Djouvinov, 1997), goats (Malik et al. , 2002), chickens (Pant et al.…”

Section: Blood Serum Concentrations Of Pefloxacin and Its Metabolitementioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin and its metabolite norfloxacin in male and female ducks

Dimitrova

Moutafchieva

Kanelov

et al. 2008

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in sheep

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Plasma Concentrations, Pharmacokinetics and Urinary Excretion of Gatifloxacin after Single Intravenous Injection in Buffalo Calves

Plasma Concentrations, Pharmacokinetics and Urinary Excretion of Gatifloxacin after Single Intravenous Injection in Buffalo Calves

Oral Bioavailability and Plasma Disposition of Pefloxacin in Healthy Broiler Chickens

Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin and its metabolite norfloxacin in male and female ducks

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