2010
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0350
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Pharmacokinetics of Penciclovir after Oral Administration of its Prodrug Famciclovir to Horses

Abstract: ABSTRACT. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of penciclovir after oral administration of its prodrug famciclovir to horses. Following an oral dose of famciclovir at 20 mg/kg, maximum plasma concentrations of penciclovir occurred between 0.75 and 1.5 hr (mean 0.94  0.38 hr) after dosing and were in the range 2.22 to 3.56 g/ml (mean 2.87  0.61 g/ml). The concentrations of penciclovir declined in a biphasic manner after the peak concentration was attained. The mean half-life of the rapid elimination phase w… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…administration were best described by a three‐compartment model with an elimination phase half‐life of 72 ± 9 h. This prolonged elimination half‐life of ganciclovir in horses was in contrast to that reported in other species, where average elimination half‐lives were 5 h or less (Serabe et al ., ; Winston et al ., ). Although the disposition of ganciclovir in horses differed considerably from that of other mammalian species, it was consistent with the pharmacokinetics of the related nucleoside analogs acyclovir and penciclovir in horses, where the elimination half‐life was similarly prolonged (Garré et al ., ; Maxwell et al ., ; Tsujimura et al ., ). Thus, it appears that horses may handle the nucleoside analogs in a fundamentally different manner than do most other species, with a prolonged terminal phase that has been posited to represent a deep compartment that slowly returns drug to circulation (Maxwell et al ., ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…administration were best described by a three‐compartment model with an elimination phase half‐life of 72 ± 9 h. This prolonged elimination half‐life of ganciclovir in horses was in contrast to that reported in other species, where average elimination half‐lives were 5 h or less (Serabe et al ., ; Winston et al ., ). Although the disposition of ganciclovir in horses differed considerably from that of other mammalian species, it was consistent with the pharmacokinetics of the related nucleoside analogs acyclovir and penciclovir in horses, where the elimination half‐life was similarly prolonged (Garré et al ., ; Maxwell et al ., ; Tsujimura et al ., ). Thus, it appears that horses may handle the nucleoside analogs in a fundamentally different manner than do most other species, with a prolonged terminal phase that has been posited to represent a deep compartment that slowly returns drug to circulation (Maxwell et al ., ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…dosing. Pharmacokinetic studies of antiviral drugs such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir have consistently reported prolonged elimination half‐lives in the horse (Garré et al ., ; Maxwell et al ., ; Tsujimura et al ., ). This is in contrast to studies examining the pharmacokinetics of nucleoside analogs in most other species, where the elimination half‐lives are considerably shorter.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Such methods are required to type and select horses easily for future immunological studies and vaccine trials. Metaphylactic administration of small interfering RNA against EHV‐1 gB and the origin‐binding helicase, immediately before and after experimental EHV‐1 infection of horses, resulted in lessening of neurological signs and reduced frequency of euthanasia in one study [62]; however, these results could not be corroborated (Gillian Perkins, Cornell University). Prophylactic treatment of horses in the early stages of experimentally induced EHM disease with gancyclovir resulted in slower progression to ataxia, even when the drug administration was delayed to 4–6 days post experimental infection. However, identifying the stage of infection in field cases may be problematic [63–67].…”
Section: Epidemiology Of Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Prophylactic treatment of horses in the early stages of experimentally induced EHM disease with gancyclovir resulted in slower progression to ataxia, even when the drug administration was delayed to 4–6 days post experimental infection. However, identifying the stage of infection in field cases may be problematic [63–67].…”
Section: Epidemiology Of Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Oral administration of famciclovir the prodrug of penciclovir to horses at 20 mg/kg resulted in maximum plasma concentrations occurred between 0.75 and 1.5 hr. (Tsujimura et al, 2010) but penciclovir is very poorly absorbed when administered orally.…”
Section: Treatmentmentioning
confidence: 99%