Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and milk penetration of difloxacin in healthy and experimentally E. coli infected lactating goats

Elkomy, Ashraf; Attia, Taha; Aboubakr, Mohamed

doi:10.21608/jcvr.2017.38773

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The obtained results of all routes of administration showed that the Cmax was significantly lower in diseased broilers than in healthy ones. These findings were comparable to those of El-Komy et al (2016), who observed that a single subcutaneous injection of 10 mg tilmicosin/kg BW resulted in a substantial decrease in Cmax in experimentally Pasturella multocida infected lactating goats compared to healthy ones. Furthermore, the mean peak plasma concentration of tilmicosin (1.25 μg/ml) in healthy and diseased boilers (1.21& 0.93 μg/mL, respectively) is higher than MICs for Mycoplasma synoviae (0.013-0.100 μg/mL) and lower than MICs for Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from commercial broiler farms (Watkins et al, 1997).Due to its prolonged stay in the lung tissues at therapeutic concentrations (Papich and Riviere, 2001), tilmicosin at the indicated dosage is effective for the treatment of respiratory disease in numerous animal species (Moore et al, 1996;Christodoulopoulos et al, 2009).…”

Section: Tilmicosin Pharmacokinetic After Single Im Injection In Healthy and Nri Broilerssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In the current work, following repeated oral administrations of tilmicosin, the obtained tilmicosin plasma concentration in NRI broiler was significantly lesser than those in healthy ones. These lower concentrations of tilmicosin in NRI broiler might be attributed to the infection/inflammation, improves its tissue penetration ( Modric et al, 1999) and these records were parallel to the recorded data of Abo El-Ela et al (2015) and El-Komy et al (2016). The obtained results of all routes of administration showed that the Cmax was significantly lower in diseased broilers than in healthy ones.…”

Section: Tilmicosin Pharmacokinetic After Single Im Injection In Healthy and Nri Broilerssupporting

confidence: 52%

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Tilmicosin Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Residues in Healthy and Naturally Respiratory Infected Broilers

Attia

El-Banna

Selim³

et al. 2021

Journal of Current Veterinary Research

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The goal of this study was to clarify the tilmicosin pharmacokinetics in healthy and naturally infected broiler with respiratory disorders (NRI). Tilmicosin achieved its Cmax after 3.01 and 2.63 h (Tmax) of administration, with values of 1.21 and 0.93 µg/ml, respectively, following single intracrop dose (25 mg/kg BW). Tilmicosin t0.5ab was 0.590.034 h & 0.590.02 h and t0.5el was 011.32 & 8.89 h, sequentially. Tilmicosin attained its Cmax following a single intramuscular injection (25 mg/kg BW, IM) after 1.51 & 1.56 h (Tmax), respectively, with values of 1.20 and 1.28 µg/ml. The t0.5ab (0.29 & 0.30 h) and t0.5el (7.07 & 5.04 h) of tilmicosin showed a clear reduction relative to intracrop dosing, serially. Tissue residues after repeated oral (75 mg/L of drinking water for 3 consecutive days) administration revealed a lower significant plasma tilmicosin concentration after all times of sampling in NRI chickens related to those of healthy ones. Tilmicosin residues was assayed in lung, kidney, liver, thigh and breast muscles, after "2h, 24 h, 3d, 5d, 7d, 9d and 11 days post tilmicosin stoppage. The highest residue values were found in the lungs, followed by the liver and kidneys, while the lowest irrelevant values were found in the thigh and breast muscles. Finally, tilmicosin has a fast absorption rate, a long elimination half-life, and substantial bloodto-tissue penetration, particularly in the lungs. Following repeated oral tilmicosin administration, the required withdrawal period is 9 d for thigh and breast muscles and 10 d for internal organs.

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Section: Tilmicosin Pharmacokinetic After Single Im Injection In Healthy and Nri Broilerssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Tilmicosin Pharmacokinetic After Single Im Injection In Healthy and Nri Broilerssupporting

confidence: 52%

Tilmicosin Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Residues in Healthy and Naturally Respiratory Infected Broilers

Attia

El-Banna

Selim³

et al. 2021

Journal of Current Veterinary Research

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“…[18][19][20] Following a single oral administration of 25mg/kg.b.wt., the drug was rapidly absorbed with a short absorption halflife (T0.5(ab)) of 0.45±0.007 h. Our finding was similar to that reported for azithromycin in broiler chickens (0.57 h) and tilmicosin in lactating goat (0.47 h). 21,22 Moreover, this result was shorter than those recorded for tilmicosin in broilers (0.948 and 0.757h), tilmicosin in chicken (0.66h) but longer than tylvalosin in turkeys (0.283h). 17,23,24 Macrolides absorption rate is markedly affected not only from species to another but also in the same species with individual variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Disposition kinetics, in vitro plasma protein binding and tissue residues of tilmicosin in healthy and experimentally (CRD) infected broiler chickens

Attia

Latif

El-Hanbally

et al. 2018

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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Background: Several studies assayed the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in broilers at a dosage of (25mg/kg.b.wt.). The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of tilmicosin following single and repeated oral administrations (25mg/kg.b.wt.) once daily for 5 consecutive days in healthy and experimentally Mycoplasma gallisepticum and E. coli infected broilers.Methods: After oral administrations of tilmicosin (25 mg/kg.b.wt.) one ml blood was collected from the right wing vein and tissues samples for determination of tilmicosin concentrations and the disposition kinetics of it by the microbiological assay method using Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) as a test organism.Results: In this study, the plasma concentration time graph was characteristic of a two-compartments open model. Following a single oral administration, tilmicosin was rapidly absorbed in both healthy and experimentally infected broilers with an absorption half-life of (t0.5(ab)) 0.45 and 0.52h, maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was 1.06 and 0.69μg/ml at (tmax) about 2.56 and 2.81h, (t0.5(el)) was 21.86 and 22.91h and (MRT) was 32.15 and 33.71h, respectively; indicating the slow elimination of tilmicosin in chickens. The in-vitro protein binding was 9.72±0.83%. Serum concentrations of tilmicosin following repeated oral administration once daily for five consecutive days, almost peaked 2h after each dose with lower significant values recorded in experimentally infected broiler chickens than in healthy ones.Conclusions: This study showed that tilmicosin was cleared rapidly from tissues. The highest residue values were recorded in the lung followed by liver and kidneys while the lowest values were recorded in spleen, fat and thigh muscles. Five days for withdrawal period of tilmicosin suggested in broilers.

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“…Plasma concentrations of tilmicosin after oral gavage did not differ between healthy pigs or in pigs inoculated intranasally with Haemophilus parasuis (Zhang et al, 2017). Conversely, lower C max , AUC, and MRT values were observed in lactating goats experimentally infected with P. multocida as compared with healthy lactating goats after a single subcutaneous injection of tilmicosin (El-Komy et al, 2016).…”

Section: Impact Of Disease As a Function Of Drug Classmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Impact of Infection and Inflammation on Drug Metabolism, Active Transport, and Systemic Drug Concentrations in Veterinary Species

et al. 2020

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Within human medicine, it is recognized that the pharmacokinetics (PK) of many compounds can be altered by the presence of inflammation or infection. Research into the reason for these changes has identified pathways that can influence drug absorption, clearance, and tissue distribution. In contrast, far less is known about these relationships within the framework of veterinary medicine. Rather, most of the PK data generated in veterinary species employs healthy subjects, raising the question of whether these studies are founded on an assumption that healthy animal PK reflect that of the diseased animal population. Accordingly, there is a need to explore the PK changes that might be overlooked in studies that recruit only healthy animals to assesses drug PK. To meet this objective, we surveyed the published literature for studies focusing on the impact of disease on the dose-exposure relationships in food-producing and companion animal species. We found that, consistent with humans and laboratory species, both up-and downregulation of the various cytochrome isoenzymes and/or transporters have occurred in response to an increase in inflammatory mediators. These findings suggest that, as observed in human medicine, the potential for differences in the drug PK in healthy versus animal patients points to a need for acquiring a greater understanding of these changes and how they may influence the dose-exposureresponse relationships of veterinary pharmaceuticals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis review delivers a much-needed summary of published information that provides insights into how disease and inflammation can influence the appropriateness of extrapolating laboratorybased dose-exposure-response relationships to what will occur in the actual veterinary patient. As part of this review, we also examine some of the method-associated issues to be considered when assessing the reported nature and magnitude of these changes.

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Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and milk penetration of difloxacin in healthy and experimentally E. coli infected lactating goats

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Tilmicosin Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Residues in Healthy and Naturally Respiratory Infected Broilers

Tilmicosin Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Residues in Healthy and Naturally Respiratory Infected Broilers

Disposition kinetics, in vitro plasma protein binding and tissue residues of tilmicosin in healthy and experimentally (CRD) infected broiler chickens

The Impact of Infection and Inflammation on Drug Metabolism, Active Transport, and Systemic Drug Concentrations in Veterinary Species

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