Pharmacologic agents in the treatment of ischemia, hemorrhagic shock, and sepsis

Harkema, James M.; Singh, Gurdev; Wang, Ping; Chaudry, Irshad H.

doi:10.1016/0883-9441(92)90016-z

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Oxygen free radical scavengers (SOD, allopurinol) are being assessed in experimental haemorrhagic and septic shock models. [ 34 ] Treatment with SODmimetics has been shown to prevent the cellular energetic failure associated with shock and ischaemia-reperfusion and to prevent tissue damage associated with conditions. Salvemini D et al .…”

Section: Application Of Free Radical Scavengers Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free radical scavengers in anaesthesiology and critical care

Hatwalne

2012

Indian J Anaesth

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Free radicals are highly reactive and unstable compounds. These highly reactive molecules cause oxidative damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins and lipids. They play central role in the mechanism of cell injury and cell death. Free radical scavengers either prevent these reactive species from being formed, or remove them before they can damage vital components of the cell. Oxidative stress defines an imbalance in production of oxidizing chemical species and their effective removal by protective antioxidants and scavenger enzymes. Evidence of massive oxidative stress is well established in critical illnesses characterized by tissue ischaemia-reperfusion injury and by an intense systemic inflammatory response such as during sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury. Several clinical trials have been performed in order to reduce oxidative stress by supplementation of antioxidants alone or in combination with standard therapies. Antioxidant supplementation at an early stage of illness may lead to improved therapies in the treatment of critically ill patients. Several intravenous anaesthetic drugs act as reactive oxygen species scavengers. Anaesthetic preconditioning is of particular interest to anaesthesiologist, in which lasting protection of myocardium is elicited by brief exposure to a inhalational anaesthetic agent. These anasthetics may also mediate protective effects in other organs, such as the brain and kidney It is important for the anaesthesiologist to understand the mechanism of damage caused by free radicals and how free radical scavengers work so that this knowledge can be applied to varied pathological conditions. The topic was hand searched in text books and electronically searched from PubMed and Google scholar using text words.

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Section: Application Of Free Radical Scavengers Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free radical scavengers in anaesthesiology and critical care

Hatwalne

2012

Indian J Anaesth

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“…These physiologic responses of the host are often seen following the invasion of normally sterile tissues by microorganisms or their byproducts. Despite advanced therapeutic treatment options [3,4], sepsis, septic shock, and subsequent multiple organ failure remain to be the formidable challenge to the clinician and are the most common causes of death in surgical intensive care units [5][6][7]. Recently, the role of neutrophils in the development of the sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ failure has been examined [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Neutrophil-Mediated Oxidative Stress Play Any Significant Role in Producing Hepatocellular Dysfunction During Early Sepsis?

Molnar¹,

Wang²,

Chaudry³

1998

Journal of Surgical Research

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“…It is encouraging, however, that the complex pathophysiology of trauma and hemorrhagic shock is becoming better understood as more studies are reported [5,6]. Such studies might provide information leading to the pharmacological correction and maintenance of cellular functions after injury [6][7][8] and the better management of victims of trauma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such studies might provide information leading to the pharmacological correction and maintenance of cellular functions after injury [6][7][8] and the better management of victims of trauma. Studies have shown that pentoxifylline administration during and after hemorrhage significantly improves tissue oxygenation [9], intestinal blood flow [10], and survival of animals after hemorrhage [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of pentoxifylline treatment on bacterial translocation after hemorrhagic shock in rats

Köylüoğlu¹,

Bakıcı

Elagöz

et al. 2001

Clin Exp Med

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Bacterial translocation is thought to be responsible for infectious complications after hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline treatment on bacterial translocation in animals subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Thirty-one Wistar albino rats (280-360 g) were divided into three groups: sham (n=10), shock (n=11), and shock-pentoxifylline (n=10). Blood was not withdrawn from sham rats. Shock rats were subjected to 30 min of shock followed by reinfusion of shed blood. Shock/pentoxifylline rats received pentoxifylline after reinfusion of shed blood. After hemorrhage and reinfusion (24 h), the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and blood samples were evaluated using quantitative microbiological techniques, and the numbers of colony-forming units were compared between groups. Cecum was removed to evaluate the bacterial population. Ileum and cecum were examined histologically. The incidence of bacterial translocation was higher in the shocked rats (63%) than in the sham shock rats (10%). Pentoxifylline reduced the incidence of shock-induced bacterial translocation to 0%. Cecal bacterial levels were significantly higher in the shock rats than in the sham and shock/pentoxifylline rats. The histological damage caused by hemorrhagic shock was prevented by pentoxifylline treatment. In conclusion, the hemorrhagic shock triggered translocation of bacteria to the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and blood of rats. Pentoxifylline treatment just after shed blood transfusion significantly attenuated this phenomenon.

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Pharmacologic agents in the treatment of ischemia, hemorrhagic shock, and sepsis

Cited by 11 publications

References 226 publications

Free radical scavengers in anaesthesiology and critical care

Free radical scavengers in anaesthesiology and critical care

Does Neutrophil-Mediated Oxidative Stress Play Any Significant Role in Producing Hepatocellular Dysfunction During Early Sepsis?

The effects of pentoxifylline treatment on bacterial translocation after hemorrhagic shock in rats

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