2021
DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002510
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Pharmacologic Management of Acute Agitation in Youth in the Emergency Department

Abstract: When youth in the emergency department become acutely agitated, it can be dangerous and distressing to patients, families, and clinicians. Timely, effective, and patient-centered management is key to reducing the potential for patient and staff injury while preserving patient dignity. We review the definition of agitation and pharmacologic management for youth with acute agitation, including common classes of medications, indications for use, and adverse effects. We also discuss the need to integrate the use o… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(42 citation statements)
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“…Based on this study, the prevalence of acute agitation and restraint use were 13.8% and 28.8%, respectively, implying that more than twothirds of acutely agitated patients were managed with established de-escalation strategies such as effective communication, environmental modifications, and behavioral interventions by our multidisciplinary collaborative team. 4,6,25 The true prevalence of pediatric acute agitation remains unknown despite prior attempts to extrapolate this prevalence from the rate of restraint use in the acute care setting. 18,26 This is because such inferential statistics generally underestimate the true prevalence of pediatric agitation due to significant selection bias by severity.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Based on this study, the prevalence of acute agitation and restraint use were 13.8% and 28.8%, respectively, implying that more than twothirds of acutely agitated patients were managed with established de-escalation strategies such as effective communication, environmental modifications, and behavioral interventions by our multidisciplinary collaborative team. 4,6,25 The true prevalence of pediatric acute agitation remains unknown despite prior attempts to extrapolate this prevalence from the rate of restraint use in the acute care setting. 18,26 This is because such inferential statistics generally underestimate the true prevalence of pediatric agitation due to significant selection bias by severity.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4,5 Acute agitation can result in significant care disruption, property destruction, and unnecessary resource use. 6 Therefore, anticipation, prompt recognition, and early intervention are needed to avoid significant injuries and process disruption from behavioral escalation. 6 Typically, a child with mental and behavioral health (MBH) needs may present to the emergency department (ED) acutely agitated or become agitated while in the ED.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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