Pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of hypophyllanthin: A review

Abstract

Hypophyllanthin is a major lignan present in various Phyllanthus species and has been used as one of the bioactive chemical markers for quality control purposes as it contributes to their diverse pharmacological activities. The objective of this study is to compile up-to-date data on the pharmacological actions and mechanisms of hypophyllanthin. This review also includes the extracts of Phyllanthus species whose pharmacological actions have been partially attributed to hypophyllanthin. The scientific findings on the compound are critically analyzed and its potential as a lead molecule for the discovery of drug candidates for the development of therapeutics to treat diverse diseases is highlighted. Data collection was mainly through the exploration of Ovid-MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Direct, and Elsevier databases. Studies conducted in vitro and in vivo showed that hypophyllanthin had potent immunomodulating properties as well as a variety of other pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, anti-hypertensive, and phytoestrogenic properties. Several mechanisms of action on the effects of hypophyllanthin on the immune system, in cancer and other disease states, were presented to provide some insights into its pharmacological effects. Before being submitted to clinical investigations, additional animal studies utilising different animal models are necessary to analyse its bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties, as well as its toxicity, to determine its efficacy and safety. Understanding its potential as a lead molecule for the discovery of therapeutic candidates, particularly for the development of therapies for inflammatory and immune-related disorders, requires an understanding of its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action. An insight into its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action will provide an understanding of its potential as a lead compound for the discovery of drug candidates, especially for the development of therapies for inflammatory and immune related diseases.

Kesan Ekstrak Daun Jambu Batu (Psidium Guajava) Terhadap Eritrosit Terinfeksi Plasmodium Berghei NK 65

“…Tumbuhan Phyllanthus yang terdapat di Asia telah dikaji kegunaannya dan antaranya adalah Phyllanthus niruri yang biasanya digunakan untuk merawat keradangan, demam, malaria, lithiasis dan gonorea. Kajian yang dijalankan oleh Wan Saidin et al (2023) mengumpulkan data tentang penggunaan tumbuhan ini dan terdapat hypophyllanthin yang merupakan lignan utama yang terdapat dalam pelbagai spesies Phyllanthus dan telah digunakan sebagai salah satu penanda bioaktif kimia untuk tujuan kawalan kualiti kerana ia menyumbang kepada kepelbagaian aktiviti farmakologi mereka. P. niruri didapati mempunyai kepekatan lignan yang lebih tinggi daripada komponen tumbuhan lain, dengan kandungan phyllanthin adalah yang paling banyak.…”