Pharmacological activities of Azanza garckeana (Goron Tula) grown in Nigeria

Abstract

Background The present study evaluated the phytochemical profiles, anti-oxidants, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-arthritic and wound healing effect of methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts of Azanza garckeana. Results Methanol extract had higher phenol, flavonoids and alkaloids concentrations, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities than ethyl-acetate extract. Ethyl-acetate and methanol extracts had IC50 of 119.40 μg/mL and 133.49 μg/mL respectively against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) radicals. The extracts were more active against Klebsiella pneumonia while the least activity was recoded against Bacillus subtilis with methanol been most potent than ethyl-acetate. The IC50 value of methanol extract in inhibition of protein denaturation were 310.44 μg/mL and 315.27 μg/mL while IC50 value of 354.74 μg/mL and 349.57 μg/mL were recorded for membrane stabilization effect in bovine serum albumin (BSA) and egg albumin (EGA) assays respectively. There was dose dependent in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with highest percentage paw oedema inhibitions of 51.68% and analgesia of 46.36% at 600 mg/kg bw of the methanol extract. The extract caused dosed independent increase percentage wound closure with percentage wound contraction range between 65.24 ± 2.46 and 69.68 ± .2.54 compare to untreated wound (15.35 ± 0.35 to 50.35 ± 2.35%). Conclusion This study lends pharmacological support to folkloric usage of Azanza garckeana in the treatment and management of several human disease.

Toxicological, Bioassay-Guided Fractionation and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Stem Extract of Terminalia microptera on Oral Bacteria Pathogens

“…Phenols and flavonoids are a natural antioxidant that helps in ameliorating the problem of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by some physiological conditions. 54,55 Saponins have been reported to have harmful effects by haemolyzing circulating erythrocytes 56 . The pharmacological significance of alkaloids includes antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, antimalarial and anticancer while tannins have been reported to play a major role as anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antioxidant and hemostatic.…”

Pharmacological insights into Merremia vitifolia (Burm.f.) Hallier f. leaf for its antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti-arthritic and anti-nociceptive potential

“…The importance of medicinal plants in managing a wide range of diseases is progressively increasing because of their rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites [28][29][30][31][32] . Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and glycosides are important metabolites exhibit multiple biological effects 33,34 . Several well-validated experimental protocols and animal models are necessary for developing a pharmacologically complex lead compound derived from a medicinal plant to achieve a clear preclinical and clinical decision.…”

Dennettia tripetala (Pepper Fruit), a review of its ethno-medicinal use, phyto-constituents, and biological properties

“…Natural products, particularly medicinal plants have been used from time immemorial for the treatment of various diseases (41)(42)(43) and various studies have recommended the evaluation of medicinal plants in order to accept their use for medicinal purposes (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50). It is therefore noteworthy that Dennettia tripetala demonstrated safety profile in toxicity study, in addition to its various biological activities, and thus serve as an important medicinal plant worthy of further preclinical evaluation…”