Pharmacological Effects of 1′-Acetoxychavicol Acetate, a Major Constituent in the Rhizomes ofAlpinia galangaandAlpinia conchigera

Abstract

1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) is found in the rhizomes or seeds of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia conchigera, which are used as traditional spices in cooking and traditional medicines in Southeast Asia. ACA possesses numerous medicinal properties. Those include anticancer, anti-obesity, antiallergy, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. ACA is also observed to exhibit antidementia activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that combining ACA with other substances results in synergistic anticancer effects. The structural factors which regulates the activity of ACA include: (1) the acetyl group at position 1', (2) the acetyl group at position 4, and (3) the unsaturated double bond between positions 2' and 3'. ACA induces the activation of AMPK, which regulates the signal transduction pathways, and has an important role for the prevention of diseases, including cancer, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Such findings suggest that AMPK has a central role in different pharmacological functions of ACA, and ACA is useful for the prevention of life-threatening diseases. However, more studies should be performed to evaluate the clinical effects of ACA and to better understand its potential.

1′-Acetoxyeugenol Acetate Isolated from Thai Ginger Induces Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells by ROS Production via NADPH Oxidase

“…This is the first report showing the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of ACA and AEA against ovarian cancer. Moreover, the anti-tumor properties of ACA against several other cancers and its molecular mechanism of action have been intensively studied, as also reviewed in a previous study [ 22 ]. For example, Ichikawa et al demonstrated that ACA inhibits invasion and induces apoptosis via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in several cancer cell types, including lung, kidney, and breast cancer [ 38 ].…”

“…In particular, the inhibitory effect of ACA on carcinogenesis has been demonstrated in several animal models of various tumor types, including colon, liver, esophageal, skin, and prostate cancers [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Moreover, ACA has been shown to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibit angiogenesis and invasion in several cancer cell lines [ 22 , 23 ]. However, little is known regarding the effects of 1′-acetoxyeugenol acetate (AEA), another active compound in A. galanga , on human cancer.…”

Alpinia galanga or Lengkuas (Zingiberaceae): A Possible Treatment for COVID-19

“…Lengkuas rhizome is effectively used as a therapeutic treatment for various diseases, because it contains antiinfl ammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, and etc 20 . It can be used to treat stomach pain, diabetes, and so on 21 . The tuber of the lengkuas is often used as a cough therapy, fever, and diabetes mellitus 22 .…”

(1′S)-1′-Acetoxyeugenol Acetate Enhances Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion

“…galanga with significant pharmacological properties in multiple disease models [ 16 ]. ACA has a potent anti-cancer effect by stimulating the apoptotic signaling pathway or generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diverse cancer cell lines, including human colorectal cancer, leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer cell lines [ 17 ]. In addition to its anti-cancer properties, ACA is also active in anti-obesity, anti-microbial, and gastroprotective models [ 17 ].…”