Pharmacological Intervention of Nicotine Dependence

Jain, Raka; Majumder, Pradipta; Gupta, Tina

doi:10.1155/2013/278392

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Adverse effects of nicotine replacement treatment are rare and mostly include skin reactions, irritation, and burning sensations in the mouth and throat. 34,40 Skin reactions were seen in 7 of our subjects following nicotine patch use. Adverse effects of nicotine gum are reported to be gastrointestinal intolerance and nausea, and these were observed in only 3 of our subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The presence of adverse effects was noteworthy, as the P value was close to significant after regression analysis, and it may be a factor affecting the success of pharmacotherapy indirectly. The reported adverse effects of varenicline, the most frequently prescribed agent used in our subjects, include the increased risk for cardiovascular accident development, 34 nausea, [35][36][37][38] abnormal dreaming, sleeplessness, 36,38 headache, 37,38 depression, and possible serious psychiatric conditions. 39,40 The most frequent adverse effect we observed with varenicline was nausea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Bupropion causes nausea, sleeplessness, anxiety, dryness of the mouth, and increased risk of seizures by decreasing the epileptic threshold. 34 We noted adverse effects related to bupropion in 12 subjects, and these included depression, gastrointestinal intolerance, skin rashes, sleeplessness, tremors, headache, and dryness of the mouth. Adverse effects of nicotine replacement treatment are rare and mostly include skin reactions, irritation, and burning sensations in the mouth and throat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Relapse Rate and Factors Related to Relapse in a 1-Year Follow-Up of Subjects Participating in a Smoking Cessation Program

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND:The most important and difficult task when it comes to reducing tobacco-related morbidity and mortality is to convince smokers to quit and to maintain their abstinence. This study aimed to determine the smoking relapse rate and factors related to relapse in subjects who participated in a smoking cessation program and completed a 1-y follow-up in our center. METHODS: The study included 550 subjects who applied to a smoking cessation clinic from June 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 and completed the 1-y follow-up. RESULTS: After 1 y, 282 (51.4%) subjects had relapsed, 132 (24%) had quit smoking, and 135 (24.6%) could not be contacted. The mean age ؎ SD was 41.5 ؎ 10.8 y, and 52.5% were male. There was no difference between non-relapsed and relapsed subjects with regard to age, sex, average smoking duration and daily number of cigarettes, reason to quit, education level, presence of symptoms and concomitant diseases, Fagerström nicotine dependence score, Beck depression score, and frequency of pharmacotherapy administration. In the relapsed group, the age began smoking was younger (P ‫؍‬ .05), and the longest prior duration of abstinence was shorter (P ‫؍‬ .04). The average number of support contacts was found to be significantly higher in the non-relapsed subjects (P < .001). Logistic regression analysis revealed alcohol intake to be a factor influencing relapse (odds ratio: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.13-3.93, P ‫؍‬ .02), as was the number of support contacts (odds ratio: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.59 -2.65, P < .001). The presence of drug adverse effects was close to being significant (odds ratio: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.93-4.10, P ‫؍‬ .07). CONCLUSION: The relapse rate in a 1-y period was 51.4%. Similar to previous studies, alcohol intake presented a relapse risk. In subjects receiving drug treatment, planning support meetings more frequently and paying attention to adverse effects may increase the success of smoking cessation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Relapse Rate and Factors Related to Relapse in a 1-Year Follow-Up of Subjects Participating in a Smoking Cessation Program

et al. 2015

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“…3 However, even with the help of these medications, the smoking cessation rate is disappointingly low (10-25%) and there are many associated problems, such as various adverse side effects and high cost. 4, 5 Therefore, it is both necessary and urgent to develop new approaches to combat tobacco addiction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine and the influence of particle size on its immunogenicity and efficacy

Zhao

Hoerle

et al. 2017

Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine

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Traditional hapten-protein conjugate nicotine vaccines have shown less than desired immunological efficacy due to their poor recognition and internalization by immune cells. We developed a novel lipid-polymeric hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine to enhance the immunogenicity of the conjugate vaccine, and studied the influence of particle size on its immunogenicity and pharmacokinetic efficacy. The results demonstrated that the nanovaccines, regardless of size, could induce a significantly stronger immune response against nicotine compared to the conjugate vaccine. Particularly, a significantly higher anti-nicotine antibody titer was achieved by the 100 compared to the 500 nm nanovaccine. In addition, both the 100 and 500 nm nanovaccines reduced the distribution of nicotine into the brain significantly. The 100 nm nanovaccine exhibited better pharmacokinetic efficacy than the 500 nm nanovaccine in the presence of alum adjuvant. These results suggest that a lipid-polymeric nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine is a promising candidate to treat nicotine dependence.

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“…The five forms of nicotine replacement therapy (transdermal nicotine, gum, lozenge, nasal spray, oral inhaler) aid in smoking cessation by delivering nicotine in order to reduce withdrawal and craving for tobacco (Jain et al, 2013). There are two additional FDA-approved pharmacotherapies designed to aid in smoking cessation by reducing withdrawal and craving, and altering the rewarding effects of nicotine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, reduces nicotine craving in humans, with marginal effects on abuse potential

Jones

Comer

Metz

et al. 2017

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Possibly through their actions upon glia, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists (PPAR) have been shown to alter the abuse potential of addictive drugs in several preclinical models. The current study extends this research into the human laboratory as the first clinical study into the effects of the PPAR gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the abuse potential of nicotine. Heavy smokers were recruited for this 3-week study. Upon admission, participants were randomized to either active (45 mg, n = 14) or placebo (0 mg, n = 13) PIO maintenance conditions for the duration of the study. After 5–7 days of stabilization on a 7 mg nicotine patch, participants began laboratory testing. On the 1st–4th test days, participants could self-administer cigarettes or receive money by making verbal choices for either option. On the 5th day, participants were administered 10 puffs of their usual brand of cigarette in the morning and later chose between smoking and money by making finger presses on a computer mouse in a progressive ratio self-administration task. Later on the 5th day participants also underwent a smoking cue exposure session. The 8th–11th test days were identical to the 1st–4th test days with the exception that during one of the test weeks de-nicotinized cigarettes were available, and during the other nicotinized cigarettes were available. Nicotinized cigarettes were always administered on the 5th and 12th days. On some measures PIO increased indicators of abuse potential, though this effect was typically not statistically significant. However, PIO did significantly reduce measures of craving.

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Pharmacological Intervention of Nicotine Dependence

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Relapse Rate and Factors Related to Relapse in a 1-Year Follow-Up of Subjects Participating in a Smoking Cessation Program

Relapse Rate and Factors Related to Relapse in a 1-Year Follow-Up of Subjects Participating in a Smoking Cessation Program

A nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine and the influence of particle size on its immunogenicity and efficacy

Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, reduces nicotine craving in humans, with marginal effects on abuse potential

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