2000
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001131
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Pharmacological interventions for spasticity following spinal cord injury

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Cited by 104 publications
(98 citation statements)
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References 42 publications
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“…28 It can be treated with oral medication (such as baclofen, tizanidine, clonidine), injection of botulinum toxin for localised spasms or intrathecal administration of baclofen or clonidine. 29 However, there is still insufficient evidence to support treatment with oral spasmolytics. Localised spasticity may be treated with botulinum toxin which is effective for 3 months after injection, reducing spasms and improving function.…”
Section: Bowel Incontinencementioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…28 It can be treated with oral medication (such as baclofen, tizanidine, clonidine), injection of botulinum toxin for localised spasms or intrathecal administration of baclofen or clonidine. 29 However, there is still insufficient evidence to support treatment with oral spasmolytics. Localised spasticity may be treated with botulinum toxin which is effective for 3 months after injection, reducing spasms and improving function.…”
Section: Bowel Incontinencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Localised spasticity may be treated with botulinum toxin which is effective for 3 months after injection, reducing spasms and improving function. Treatment of nonlocalised spasticity by use of intrathecal baclofen has proven effective in relieving symptoms, 29 although it is clear that patients frequently suffer complications. 30 Intrathecal baclofen may also improve neurogenic bowel 31 and increase functional bladder capacity and compliance.…”
Section: Bowel Incontinencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Baclofen is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and has a therapeutic half-life of about 3 to 4 hours. However, the use of this pharmacological agent can be limited by its adverse effects, which include sedation, fatigue, drowsiness, ataxia, and mental confusion [15][16][17][18][19], which can actually reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs [11].…”
Section: Baclofenmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Oxybutynin is used for the treatment of detrusor overactivity 1 and Dantrolene to reduce spasticity. [2][3][4] Oxybutynin has both an antimuscarinic and a direct muscle relaxant effect and, in addition, a local anesthetic activity. 5 It may have anticholinergic side effects, including dry mouth, blurred vision, somnolence, constipation, and delirium.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%