Pharmacological Maneuver of Mangrove Endophytic Fungi in the South China Sea – A review

Abstract

Conventional products have a role in addressing the thriving universal demands for biologically active substances. Since the South China Sea is a prodigious province of geostrategic and mercantile importance, it meets the basic needs of people who dwell there. The South China Sea is dominant in mangrove biodiversity which, represents 11.4% of the world’s 15.5 million hectares of mangrove forest. Mangroves are harbored by multifaceted fungal communities that represent the second colossal ecological breed of marine fungi. The symbiotic association between the plants and fungi stimulates the bioactive components such as alkaloid, depsipeptides, cyclic peptides, quinone, terpenes, lactones, terpenoid, flavonoid, phenolic acid, steroids. These components have multifaceted pharmacological activities likely, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial. This review article attempts to present a piece of insightful information currently being explored on the biologically active components generated by mangrove endophytic fungi of the South China Sea.

The Role of Endophytes in Combating Fungal- and Bacterial-Induced Stress in Plants

“…In 1886, German botanist Anton de Bary, the father of plant pathology, proposed the term endophyte [ 15 ]. Endophytes are ubiquitous and reside in the intercellular tissues of about 300,000 plant species without causing any negative impacts [ 16 ]. Some predominant prokaryotic and eukaryotic endophytes that have been explored are Actinobacteria , Ascomycota , Bacteroidetes , Basidiomycota , Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , and Zygomycota [ 17 ].…”