Pharmacological models in dermatology

Vogel, H. Gerhard; Vogel, Wolfgang; Schölkens, Bernward A.; Sandow, J.; Müller, Günter; Vogel, Wolfgang F.

doi:10.1007/3-540-29837-1_17

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 506 publications

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“…The Cl − /(Na + + K + ) is indicative of carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity, and substances resulting in ratios between 0.8 and 1.0 can be excluded from this activity 18. Accordingly, all the test substances including Furosemide at all doses, except the hot tea infusion based on a 6-Tsp formula, can be assumed to elicit their diuretic action though mechanisms independent of carbonyl anhydrase inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain Lipschitz value, the diuretic index of the test substance was compared to that of the standard drug in the test group. The ratio of urinary excretion in test group and urinary excretion in the control group was denoted as “diuretic index”, which was used as the measure of degree of diuresis:18

Urinary excretion = (V_{normalo} / V_{normali}) \times 100

where V o is the total urinary output and V i is the total volume of fluid administered:

Diuretic index = V_{normalt} / V_{normalc}

where V t is the mean urine volume of test group and V c is the mean urine volume of control group:

Diuretic activity = V_{normalt} / V_{normalr}

where V t is the mean urine volume of test group and V r is the mean urine volume of reference group:

Saliuretic index = C_{normalt} / C_{normalc}

where C t is the concentration of electrolyte in the urine of test group and C c is the concentration of electrolyte in the urine of control group:

{Na}^{+} / K^{+} ratio = C_{normaln} / C_{normalk}

where C n is the concentration of Na + in the urine of a group and C k is the concentration of K + in the urine of the same group:

Carbonic anhydrase inhibition = {Cl}^{-} / ({Na}^{+} / {normalK}^{+})

where Cl − is the urinary chloride concentration, Na + is the urinary sodium concentration, and K + is the urinary potassium concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of <em>Moringa stenopetala </em>(Baker f.) Cufod. leaves in rats

Fekadu

Basha

Meresa

et al. 2017

JEP

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Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. is a medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of different ailments such as hypertension and diabetes in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of M. stenopetala leaves in saline-loaded rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups (n = 5). The control group received distilled water (5 mL/kg), whereas the reference group received Furosemide (10 mg/kg). Groups III–X orally received different doses of aqueous crude extract (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and hot tea infusion (1, 2, 4, and 6 teaspoons [Tsp]) based on community use. Urine volume was recorded every hour until the end of the 5th hour, and total urine volume of each animal was calculated. The diuretic activity and diuretic action were determined based on the urine output. Additionally, concentration of urinary sodium, chloride, and potassium ions was determined. The urinary Na+/K+ ratio and carbonyl anhydrase activity (Cl−/(Na+/K+)) were also assessed. The findings verified that the aqueous crude extract as well as the hot tea infusion of the leaves of M. stenopetala possesses significant (P < 0.01) diuretic, natriuretic, and kaliuretic effects. The aqueous crude extract (125 mg/kg) and hot tea infusion (2 Tsp) displayed the highest diuretic activity (101% and 96%, respectively) comparable to the reference drug, Furosemide (10 mg/kg). They also displayed a good natriuretic activity. The aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion revealed a significant Na+ urinary excretion (P < 0.001) and Na+/K+ ratio (P < 0.05) at all test doses. There was also a significant (P < 0.01) Cl− urinary excretion at all test doses of aqueous crude extract except 62.5 mg/kg and all test doses of hot tea infusion except higher doses (4 and 6 Tsp). Thus, the aqueous crude extract as well as the hot tea infusion of the leaves of M. stenopetala causes a plausible increase in the urine volume and concentration of urinary electrolytes in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary excretion = (V_{normalo} / V_{normali}) \times 100

where V o is the total urinary output and V i is the total volume of fluid administered:

Diuretic index = V_{normalt} / V_{normalc}

where V t is the mean urine volume of test group and V c is the mean urine volume of control group:

Diuretic activity = V_{normalt} / V_{normalr}

where V t is the mean urine volume of test group and V r is the mean urine volume of reference group:

Saliuretic index = C_{normalt} / C_{normalc}

where C t is the concentration of electrolyte in the urine of test group and C c is the concentration of electrolyte in the urine of control group:

{Na}^{+} / K^{+} ratio = C_{normaln} / C_{normalk}

where C n is the concentration of Na + in the urine of a group and C k is the concentration of K + in the urine of the same group:

Carbonic anhydrase inhibition = {Cl}^{-} / ({Na}^{+} / {normalK}^{+})

where Cl − is the urinary chloride concentration, Na + is the urinary sodium concentration, and K + is the urinary potassium concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of <em>Moringa stenopetala </em>(Baker f.) Cufod. leaves in rats

Fekadu

Basha

Meresa

et al. 2017

JEP

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“…425. DCHE was administered orally in doses of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg to the group of mice (n=3) and the percentage mortality was recorded for a period of 24 h. During the first 1 h after the drug administration, the mice were observed for any gross behavioral change and the parameters observed were hyperactivity, grooming, convulsions, sedation and loss of righting reflex, respiration, salivation, urination and defecation[9]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic and anti-nociceptive activity of hydroethanolic extract of Drymaria cordata willd

et al. 2011

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Objectives:To study the analgesic and anti-nociceptive activity of hydroethanolic extract of Drymaria cordata Willd.Materials and Methods:Wistar rats and Swiss albino mice were used for studying analgesic and anti-nociceptive activity of Drymaria cordata hydroethanolic extract (DCHE) at doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. Various models viz. acetic acid induced writhing model (female mice), Eddy's hot plate (mice) and tail flick model (rat) for analgesic study and formalin-induced paw licking model (mice) were used for anti-nociceptive study.Results:In acetic acid induced writhing model, effect of DCHE was better than the standard drug- indomethacin 10 mg/kg (p.o.). In the hot plate model, the maximum effect was observed at 60 min at a dose of 200 mg/kg p.o., which was higher than the standard drug morphine sulfate (1.5 mg/kg i.p.), whereas in the tail flick model, effect was comparable with morphine sulfate. In formalin-induced paw licking model, administration of DCHE completely abolished the early phase at 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. and in the late phase, the effect of DCHE (200 mg/kg p.o.) was higher than indomethacin (10 mg/kg p.o.).Conclusion:DCHE was effective in both non-narcotic and narcotic models of nociception, suggesting its possible action via peripheral and central mechanism. It also abolished the early phase in formalin-induced paw licking model, suggesting complete inactivation of C-fiber at higher dose. The activity can be attributed to the phyto-constituents viz tannins, diterpenes, triterpenes and steroids present in the DCHE extract. In conclusion, DCHE can be developed as a potent analgesic and anti-nociceptive agent in future.

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“…Induction of Diabetes-It is done by subcutaneous injection of alloxan in a dose of 175 mg/kg body weight 4,5 . Rats were treated with 10% dextrose orally to combat the early phase of hypoglycaemia 6 .…”

Section: E Experimental Procedurementioning

confidence: 99%

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2012

IJPSR

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The present study was designed to evaluate anti-hyperglycemic activity of simvastatin alone and the combination of sub therapeutic doses of simvastatin and glipizide. Hyperglycemia was induced experimentally in albino rats by subcutaneous injection of alloxan in a dose of 175 mg/kg body weight. After 72 hours of alloxan treatment, rats showing hyperglycemia (blood glucose level of 400 mg/dl and above) were included in the study. They were divided into four groups of 6 animals each (n=24). Oral administration of normal saline 0.5 ml, glipizide 2.5 mg/kg body weight, simvastatin 10 mg/kg body weight and sub therapeutic doses of both test (simvastatin 5 mg/kg body weight) and standard (glipizide 1.25 mg/kg body weight) drugs, was done respectively into each of the four groups for 30 consecutive days in order to assess the effect in terms of reduction in blood glucose level. Blood glucose was estimated on 0 th , 10 th , 20 th , and 30 th days of study in fixed time intervals. In the test group, there was a gradual fall in the blood glucose level which reached up to 308.3 mg/dl by 30 th day of study (P < 0.001). In case of combination of sub therapeutic doses of simvastatin and glipizide, the fall in blood glucose level was gradual and sustained and it reached up to 201.5 mg/dl by the 30 th day (P < 0.001). These observations are comparable with the results obtained in case of glipizide treated rats, the standard group. Simvastatin appreciably lowered the blood glucose level, but the combination of sub therapeutic doses of simvastatin and glipizide, by virtue of their possible synergistic effect produced further reduction in the blood glucose level. This study provides evidence in support of a potential anti-hyperglycemic effect of simvastatin and its combination with glipizide. Thus the combined treatment of simvastatin and glipzide may have added benefit for the diabetic patients associated with hyperlipidemia.

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Pharmacological models in dermatology

Cited by 28 publications

References 506 publications

Diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of <em>Moringa stenopetala </em>(Baker f.) Cufod. leaves in rats

Diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of <em>Moringa stenopetala </em>(Baker f.) Cufod. leaves in rats

Analgesic and anti-nociceptive activity of hydroethanolic extract of Drymaria cordata willd

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