Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components

Abstract

Salvia officinalis (Sage) is a plant in the family of Labiatae/Lamiaceae. It is native to Middle East and Mediterranean areas, but today has been naturalized throughout the world. In folk medicine, S. officinalis has been used for the treatment of different kinds of disorders including seizure, ulcers, gout, rheumatism, inflammation, dizziness, tremor, paralysis, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. In recent years, this plant has been a subject of intensive studies to document its traditional use and to find new biological effects. These studies have revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities for S. officinalis. Present review highlights the up-to-date information on the pharmacological findings that have been frequently reported for S. officinalis. These findings include anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Also, chemical constituents responsible for pharmacological effects of S. officinalis and the clinical studies on this plant are presented and discussed.

Recent Advances in the Analysis of Rosmarinic Acid From Herbs in the Lamiaceae Family

“…2,3 Lamiaceae species have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of depression, headache, asthma, 4 stress, 5 and respiratory 6 and Alzheimer's diseases. 7,8 In addition, these plants have antioxidant, 9 antiallergic, 10 antimicrobial, 11 anticarcinogenic, 12 anti-inflammatory, 13 astringent, 14 and antiHIV-1 effects. 15 These properties are mainly due to phenolic compounds found in the plants, especially rosmarinic acid (RA).…”

Recent Studies on the Neuropharmacological Effects of Salvia officinalis L.: A Promising Candidate for Alzheimer's Disease

“…In another examination, it has been reported that some chemicals of SO including carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmanol and caffeic acid are responsible for the free radical scavenging activity of SO [33]. The most effective antioxidant constituents of SO are carnosol, rosmarinic acid, and carnosic acid, followed by caffeic acid, rosmanol, rosmadial, genkwanin, and cirsimaritin [34]. The radical scavenging effect of carnosol is comparable to that of α-tocopherol [35].…”

“…Some unwanted gastrointestinal side effects have been reported after prolonged use or following overdose of ethanolic extract and volatile oil of SO [34]. However, precautions should be taken regarding its (uncontrolled) usage due to the varying levels of thujones [39].…”

A Kárpát-medence orvoslása, gyógyszerészete és orvosképzése a kőkorszakban – a tatárlakai agyagtáblák üzenetének megfejtése

“…A harmadik táblácska, amely nincs kilyukasztva, két gyógynövényt mutat be: a fekete nadálytő gyökerét (Sym phytum officinale, radix), mely tapaszként sebek és égések kezelésére alkalmas, valamint ízületi bántalmakra, és az orvosi zsályát (Salvia officinalis), amely antimikrobiális, gyulladáscsökkentő és fájdalomcsillapító hatású összetevőket tartalmaz [19]. A táblácskán látható még egy kecske, amely a honoráriummal lehetett kapcsolatos.…”