Pharmacological Screening of Anti-arthritic Effect of Biological Synthesis ZnONPs by Syzygium aromaticum in Rats

Abstract

The study was conducted to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) biologically by using Syzagium aromaticam extract and evaluate the effect against Polyarthritis produced by complete Freund's Adjuvants injected (S.c.) into the hind paw. The confirmation of the synthesis and characterization of ZnONPs was achieved through the utilization of a UV-spectrophotometer and SEM. For this purpose, eighteen adult male rats 200 ± 50 g at six months of age will be randomly divided into three groups, each containing six rats. Groups 2 and 3 were treated daily for 14 days from the day of Freund's adjuvant injection with SaZnONPs and piroxicam at doses 2.5 and 5 mg/kg B.W., respectively, while (Group 1) was positive control. Blood samples were obtained using cardiac puncture at three time points during the experiment: at the beginning (zero time) and on the 12th and 21st day. These samples were collected specifically for serum collection. In the present investigation, the administration of SaZnONPs to infected rats yielded noteworthy reductions in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. SaZnONPs demonstrated an elevation in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which is known to play a crucial role in safeguarding tissues against damage caused by inflammation. These results led us to hypothesize that SaZnONPs therapy speeds up the switch from an inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory response during the healing process. The histopathological observation showed that a section of a joint in groups treated with SaZnONPs had a normal joint cavity with normal articular cartilage compared with other treated groups. Accordingly, the findings of the present study suggested that ZnONPs reinforced with clove can be anti-arthritis treatments and may be utilized as a substitute for medicines currently on the market.