Pharmacology and immunology of botulinum toxin serotypes

Aoki, K. Roger

doi:10.1007/pl00007816

Cited by 160 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…BTX affects the nervous system through a multi-stage process that results in blocking neurotransmitter release (3,4,17). The toxin binds to the target nerve terminal through its …”

Section: Mechanism Of Action (Second Heading)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Toxin and Other New Approaches to Migraine Therapy

Ashkenazi

Silberstein

2004

Annu. Rev. Med.

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The number of migraine treatments and our understanding of migraine pathophysiology are both increasing. Newer treatments focus on migraine prevention. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a potent neurotoxin used primarily to treat diseases associated with increased muscle activity. Recently, BTX was found to have antinociceptive effects that are probably independent of its muscle-relaxant action. Clinical trials support the efficacy of BTX type A (and possibly also type B) in the treatment of migraine. The anticonvulsant topiramate was recently shown to be effective for migraine prevention. At the low doses used for this indication, cognitive side effects are not a major concern. Another new approach to migraine prevention is angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade. The high tolerability of the AT1 receptor blocker candesartan warrants further studies to assess its role in migraine prevention.

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“…BTX affects the nervous system through a multi-stage process that results in blocking neurotransmitter release (3,4,17). The toxin binds to the target nerve terminal through its …”

Section: Mechanism Of Action (Second Heading)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Toxin and Other New Approaches to Migraine Therapy

Ashkenazi

Silberstein

2004

Annu. Rev. Med.

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“…По серовару возбудителя выделяют несколько типов БТ: A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, G, H, но наиболее часто встречается тип А [6]. Заболевание (ботулизм) у человека вызывают токсины серотипов A, B, E, реже F. Для животных также токсичны серотипы С и D. …”

Section: химические характеристики и физикохимические показателиunclassified

Botulinum in Modern Urology

Каприн¹,

Аполихин²,

Алексеев³

et al. 2016

Med. sov.

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“…The clinical effects of BoNT injections can last for 3 to 4 months [35]. In addition to BoNTs well-established inhibition of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, pre-clinical studies have shown that it is able to inhibit neuropeptide release from primary afferent nociceptive C fibers and possibly from lightly myelinated Aδ fibers [36].…”

Section: Botulinum Neurotoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Approaches for the Treatment of Spasticity and Autonomic Dysreflexia in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Rabchevsky

Kitzman

2011

Neurotherapeutics

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Summary: Two of the most prevalent secondary complications following spinal cord injury (SCI), besides loss of function and/ or sensation below the level of injury, are uncontrolled muscle spasticity and hypertensive autonomic dysreflexia. Despite the desires of the SCI community, there have been few advances in the treatment and/or management of these fundamental impediments to the quality of life associated with chronic SCI. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to focus on current drug treatment strategies that alleviate symptoms of spasticity and autonomic dysfunction. Subsequently, looking ahead, we discuss whether individuals suffering from autonomic dysreflexia and/or muscle spasms can take certain compounds that specifically and rapidly block the neurotransmission of pain into the injured spinal cord to get rapid relief for both aberrant reflexes for which painful stimuli below the level of SCI are common precipitants.

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Pharmacology and immunology of botulinum toxin serotypes

Cited by 160 publications

References 70 publications

Botulinum Toxin and Other New Approaches to Migraine Therapy

Botulinum Toxin and Other New Approaches to Migraine Therapy

Botulinum in Modern Urology

Latest Approaches for the Treatment of Spasticity and Autonomic Dysreflexia in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

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