Pharmacology of Autonomic Ganglia

Trendelenburg, U.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.01.040161.001251

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The colon surviving in Tyrode solution is therefore unable to maintain a steady acetylcholine release in the L. Beani, Clementina Bicanichi anid A. Crema course of long-lasting stimulation at relatively high frequency. These findings agree with similar observations made by others in different preparations (Birks & McIntosh;1961). It is worthy of note, however, that the amount of acetylcholine associated with a given stimulation schedule did not appreciably change or slightly increase during the experiment, even if the periods of stimulation were repeated three or four times.…”

Section: Normzlal Responses To Nerve Stimlulationisupporting

confidence: 93%

The effect of catecholamines and sympathetic stimulation on the release of acetylcholine from the guinea‐pig colon

Beani

Bianchi

Crema

1969

British J Pharmacology

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1. In isolated guinea-pig terminal colon, the effect of sympathetic stimulation on contraction and acetylcholine release elicited by pelvic and transmural stimulation was investigated. 2. Sympathetic stimulation reduced the nerve-mediated contractile responses more than those produced by added acetylcholine. 3. Sympathetic stimulation also reduced the acetylcholine released during pelvic and transmural stimulation at low frequency. The inhibitory effect on acetylcholine released from resting colons is concealed by the simultaneous release of acetylcholine in considerable amounts from stimulated periarterial nerves which probably contain parasympathetic fibres. 4. The inhibitory effect of endogenous and exogenous catecholamines prevails when cholinergic neurones fire at low rates. It was confirmed that adrenaline is more active than noradrenaline. 5. The release of acetylcholine from unstimulated colons was for the most part maintained by nerve-conducted activity, because tetrodotoxin was able to reduce it to about one-tenth. 6. It is suggested that the sympathetic control of gastrointestinal tone and motility is exerted through two different routes: inhibition of intramural cholinergic plexuses and direct relaxation of smooth muscle cells. 7. The possible site and mechanism of action of catecholamines on intramural cholinergic structures is briefly discussed.The possible modulation of ganglionic transmission by the sympathetic system is still an open question and a matter of discussion. From careful investigations carried out on the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits and guinea-pigs, Gershon (1967) drew the conclusion that the sympathetic system exerts a direct inhibitory action on the smooth muscle without interfering with intramural ganglionic transmission of the parasympathetic outflow. Jansson & Martinson (1966) and Kewenter (1965), however, reached the opposite conclusion by examining the effect of the direct and reflex stimulation of the sympathetic nerves on the vagal control of gastric activity in the cat. Indeed, many morphological and pharmacological observations support the hypothesis that there is a sympathetic control of ganglionic transmission.

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Section: Normzlal Responses To Nerve Stimlulationisupporting

confidence: 93%

The effect of catecholamines and sympathetic stimulation on the release of acetylcholine from the guinea‐pig colon

Beani

Bianchi

Crema

1969

British J Pharmacology

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“…So far, no conclusive evidence has been obtained that catecholamine uptake into adrenergic nerve endings (reviewed [9]) plays a significant role in causing hypersensitivity of diabetic adipose tissue: Isolated fat cells prepared by collagenase digestion are devoid of nerve endings. Nevertheless, adipocytes from diabetic rats display a higher lipolytic sensitivity to epinephrine than normal fat cells (in preparation).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased sensitivity to epinephrine of the cyclic AMP‐protein kinase system in adipose tissue of diabetic rats

Zapf¹,

Waldvogel²,

Zumstein³

et al. 1978

FEBS Letters

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“…Supersensitivity of the cardiovascular system develops with 2 or 3 days of long term pretreatment (14,15), while in other innervated organs this supersensitivity develops only after 7 days (15,16). The difference in the magnitude of the time course between organs is attributed to the fact that in intact animals, the blood vessels and cardiac tissues receive a much larger number of impulses per unit time than the other innervated organs or tissues (17). If such is indeed the case, a much shorter-term pretreatment with reserpine would produce a supersensitivity of the cardiovascular system in conscious states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Clonidine on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Body Temperature in Conscious Rats

Ozawa

Chen

Watanabe

et al. 1977

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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Abstract-Effects of clonidine on blood pressure, heart rate and rectal temperature in conscious rats were examined. Clonidine (0.1-1 mg/kg s.c.) caused a prevailing pressor response and dose-dependently a fall in heart rate and body temperature.The pressor response to clonidine (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) was completely reduced by phentolamine (10 mg/kg s.c.), chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg s.c.) but not by hexamethonium (30 mg/kg i.p.), guanethidine (30 mg/kg s.c.) or reserpine (5 mg/kg s.c. 18 hr+ 1 mg/kg i.p. 4 hr prior to clonidine). Conversely, a remarkable potentiation of the pressor response to clonidine was observed after treatment with reserpine. The bradycardia with clonidine (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) was significantly reduced by phentolamine, chlorpromazine or atropine (5 mg/kg s.c.) but was potentiated by reserpine. The hypothermia with clonidine (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) was not influenced by phentolamine or atropine but was significantly potentiated by chlorpromazine.From the above results it is suggested that the pre vailing pressor response to clonidine in conscious rats is due to a stimulation of peri pheral a-adrenoceptors, the bradycardia with clonidine is exerted through the sympa thetic pathway and the baroceptor-vagal reflex, and that the hypothermia with clonidine is mainly due to the central mechanism.

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Pharmacology of Autonomic Ganglia

Cited by 50 publications

References 78 publications

The effect of catecholamines and sympathetic stimulation on the release of acetylcholine from the guinea‐pig colon

The effect of catecholamines and sympathetic stimulation on the release of acetylcholine from the guinea‐pig colon

Increased sensitivity to epinephrine of the cyclic AMP‐protein kinase system in adipose tissue of diabetic rats

Effect of Clonidine on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Body Temperature in Conscious Rats

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