Pharmacotherapy for Essential Hypertension: A Brief Review

Heidari, Behnam; Avenatti, Eleonora; Nasir, Khurram

doi:10.14797/mdcvj.1175

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…In fact, the increase in vessel density induced by training has been associated with BP reduction in SHR ( Amaral et al, 2000 ; Amaral and Michelini, 2011 ). Both captopril (27%) and perindopril (32%) significantly reduced BP of sedentary SHR as expected ( Barroso et al, 2021 ; Heidari et al, 2022 ) and the combination of training and pharmacological treatment did not further reduce BP, confirming our previous results shown in SHR ( Miotto et al, 2021 ). Note that neither training not treatment changed BP in normotensive rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Exercise-induced angiogenesis is attenuated by captopril but maintained under perindopril treatment in hypertensive rats

et al. 2023

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Angiogenesis is an important exercise-induced response to improve blood flow and decrease vascular resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but some antihypertensive drugs attenuate this effect. This study compared the effects of captopril and perindopril on exercise-induced cardiac and skeletal muscle angiogenesis. Forty-eight Wistar rats and 48 SHR underwent 60 days of aerobic training or were kept sedentary. During the last 45 days, rats were treated with captopril, perindopril or water (Control). Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken and histological samples from the tibialis anterior (TA) and left ventricle (LV) muscles were analyzed for capillary density (CD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein level. Exercise increased vessel density in Wistar rats due to higher VEGFR-2 (+17%) and eNOS (+31%) protein level. Captopril and perindopril attenuated exercise-induced angiogenesis in Wistar rats, but the attenuation was small in the perindopril group, and this response was mediated by higher eNOS levels in the Per group compared to the Cap group. Exercise increased myocardial CD in Wistar rats in all groups and treatment did not attenuate it. Both exercise and pharmacological treatment reduced BP of SHR similarly. Rarefaction was found in TA of SHR compared to Wistar, due to lower levels of VEGF (−26%) and eNOS (−27%) and treatment did not avoid this response. Exercise prevented these reductions in control SHR. While rats treated with perindopril showed angiogenesis in the TA muscle after training, those rats treated with captopril showed attenuated angiogenesis (−18%). This response was also mediated by lower eNOS levels in Cap group compared with Per and control group. Myocardial CD was reduced in all sedentary hypertensive compared with Wistar and training restored the number of vessels compared with sedentary SHR. In conclusion, taken into account only the aspect of vessel growth, since both pharmacological treatments reduced BP in SHR, the result of the present study suggests that perindopril could be a drug of choice over captopril for hypertensive practitioners of aerobic physical exercises, especially considering that it does not attenuate angiogenesis induced by aerobic physical training in skeletal and cardiac muscles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Exercise-induced angiogenesis is attenuated by captopril but maintained under perindopril treatment in hypertensive rats

et al. 2023

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“…As one of the most widespread non-infectious, multifactorial diseases in the world today, essential hypertension (EH) is also an in uential risk factor for various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (Heidari et al 2022). With the rapid development of medical and biological technologies, the study of genes associated with the development of EH has been a topic of concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral blood miRNA expression in patients with essential hypertension in the Han Chinese population in Hefei, China

Cheng,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background. Primary hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the pathogenesis of primary hypertension involves multiple biological processes, including the nervous system, circulatory system, endocrine system, and more. Despite extensive research, there is no clear understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying its pathogenesis. In recent years, miRNAs have gained attention as a regulatory factor capable of modulating the expression of related molecules through gene silencing. Therefore, exploring differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with essential hypertension (EH) may offer a novel approach for future diagnosis and treatment of EH. Methodology. This study included a total of twenty Han Chinese population samples from Hefei, China. The samples consisted of 10 healthy individuals and 10 patients with essential hypertension (EH). Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the general information of the two sample groups. High-throughput sequencing and base identification were performed to obtain the original sequencing sequences. These sequences were then annotated using various databases including Rfam, cDNA sequences, species repetitive sequences library, and miRBase database. The number of miRNA species contained in the samples was measured. Next, TPM values were calculated to determine the expression level of each miRNA. The bioinformatics of the differentiated miRNAs were analyzed using the OECloud tool, and RPM values were calculated. Furthermore, the reliability of the expression was analyzed by calculating the area under the Roc curve using the OECloud tools. Results. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the two samples in terms of age distribution, gender composition, smoking history, and alcohol consumption history (P > 0.05). However, there was a notable presence of family genetic history and high BMI in the EH population (P < 0.05). The sequencing results identified a total of 245 miRNAs, out of which 16 miRNAs exhibited differential expression. Among the highly expressed miRNAs were let-7d-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-122b-3p, miR-192-5p, and miR-6722-3p. On the other hand, the lowly expressed miRNAs included miR-103a-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-181a-2-3p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-30d-5p, miR-342-5p, and miR-543. Conclusion. This study initially identified 16 miRNAs that are aberrantly expressed and function in various processes associated with the onset and progression of essential hypertension. These miRNAs have the potential to be targeted for future diagnosis and treatment of EH. However, further samples are required to provide additional support for this study.

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“…Primarily characterized by continuous increased blood pressure in systemic arteries, hypertension is defined by the ratio of systolic blood pressure (the pressure exerted by blood on arterial walls during heart contraction) to diastolic blood pressure (the pressure during heart relaxation) ( Oparil et al, 2018 ). Clinically, hypertension is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure is ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure is ≥ 90 mmHg after repeated examinations ( Unger et al, 2020 , Heidari et al, 2022 ). Often referred to as a silent killer, many individuals with hypertension remain unaware due to the absence of noticeable signs or symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive quality control and cost comparison study of branded and generic angiotensin receptor blockers

Sharma,

Rastogi,

Ali

et al. 2024

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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Pharmacotherapy for Essential Hypertension: A Brief Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 80 publications

Exercise-induced angiogenesis is attenuated by captopril but maintained under perindopril treatment in hypertensive rats

Exercise-induced angiogenesis is attenuated by captopril but maintained under perindopril treatment in hypertensive rats

Peripheral blood miRNA expression in patients with essential hypertension in the Han Chinese population in Hefei, China

A comprehensive quality control and cost comparison study of branded and generic angiotensin receptor blockers

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