Pharmacotherapy in Cachexia: A Review of Endocrine Abnormalities and Steroid Pharmacotherapy

Celichowska, Magdalena; Miedziaszczyk, Miłosz; Łącka, Katarzyna

doi:10.1080/15360288.2022.2063469

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“… 80 Testosterone analogues like oxandrolone have shown benefits in cachexia treatment but require careful monitoring due to potential side effects. 15 , 81 , 82 In summary, the use of steroid hormones in the treatment of CC shows potential as an effective therapeutic strategy. However, it is crucial to meticulously weigh the advantages and disadvantages of steroid use in clinical trials.…”

Section: Metabolomics‐driven Therapeutic Targets For Cancer Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testosterone administration can increase muscle growth and lean body mass 80 . Testosterone analogues like oxandrolone have shown benefits in cachexia treatment but require careful monitoring due to potential side effects 15,81,82 . In summary, the use of steroid hormones in the treatment of CC shows potential as an effective therapeutic strategy.…”

Section: Metabolomics‐driven Therapeutic Targets For Cancer Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomics‐driven discovery of therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia

Cui,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2024

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Cancer cachexia (CC) is a devastating metabolic syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle wasting and body weight loss, posing a significant burden on the health and survival of cancer patients. Despite ongoing efforts, effective treatments for CC are still lacking. Metabolomics, an advanced omics technique, offers a comprehensive analysis of small‐molecule metabolites involved in cellular metabolism. In CC research, metabolomics has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying diagnostic biomarkers, unravelling molecular mechanisms and discovering potential therapeutic targets. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented to retrieve relevant articles from primary databases, including Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed, for CC and metabolomics. Recent advancements in metabolomics have deepened our understanding of CC by uncovering key metabolic signatures and elucidating underlying mechanisms. By targeting crucial metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, ketone body metabolism, steroid metabolism and mitochondrial energy metabolism, it becomes possible to restore metabolic balance and alleviate CC symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive summary of metabolomics studies in CC, focusing on the discovery of potential therapeutic targets and the evaluation of modulating specific metabolic pathways for CC treatment. By harnessing the insights derived from metabolomics, novel interventions for CC can be developed, leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life.

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Section: Metabolomics‐driven Therapeutic Targets For Cancer Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolomics‐driven Therapeutic Targets For Cancer Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics‐driven discovery of therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia

Cui,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2024

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Corticosteroids are widely used to manage cancer-related anorexia as they inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-1, thereby increasing appetite and weight in patients with cachexia. 71 However, the benefits are transient and corticosteroids are not suitable for long-term use because of potential AEs such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, infection, bone fractures, and gastrointestinal bleeding. 72 , 73 Furthermore, steroids used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may decrease the efficacy of ICIs and lead to worse patient outcomes, though this has not been conclusively shown.…”

Section: Management Of Cancer-related Anorexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incidence and Management of Cancer-Related Anorexia During Treatment with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Takahashi,

Matsumoto,

Ohba

et al. 2023

CMAR

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Cancer-related anorexia is a common complication and frequently occurs in cancer patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs). Anorexia contributes to malnutrition, body weight loss, and cachexia in affected patients. Furthermore, patients who experience anorexia have worse outcomes than those who maintain their appetite, highlighting the importance of managing anorexia and related symptoms. However, as the causes of anorexia are both diverse and interconnected, there have been challenges in evaluating and implementing effective interventions. In this review, we described the contributing factors to cancer-related anorexia and reviewed recent literature for the frequency of anorexia symptoms in patients treated with VEGFR-TKIs. Additionally, we evaluated the evidence for current interventions and the potential benefits of multimodal and multidisciplinary approaches to care. The frequency of anorexia symptoms in patients who received VEGFR-TKIs ranged from 14%–58% for all-grade anorexia and 0%–6% for grade 3 or 4 anorexia. While many of the interventions for cancer-related anorexia have minimal benefit or adverse events, recent advances in our understanding of cancer-related anorexia suggest that multimodal therapy with multidisciplinary care is a promising avenue of investigation. Several studies currently underway are anticipated to further assess the effectiveness of multimodal approaches.

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“…It is rapidly absorbed from the small intestines and metabolized in the liver by the enzyme 5α-reductase, into, 19-norandrosterone and 5α-dihydronandrolone, which can be detected in urine [2] . NA are utilized in significant clinical setting to treat different circumstances including osteoporosis, growth deficiency and hypogonadism [3] , aplastic anemia and cachexia-associated conditions as cancer and burns [4] , renal and hepatic failure [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Nandrolone Decanoate Effects on Sinoatrial Node in Experimental Rat Model (Histological and Immunohistochemical study)

Sawy

Tash²,

Desouky³

2021

Journal of Medical Histology

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Background: Nandrolone decanoate (NA) is one of the anabolic steroids used medically and abused by athletes but has several harmful effects. Aim: Evaluate the effect of nandrolone decanoate on sinoatrial node structure of albino rat and the effect of its withdrawal. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult albino rats were divided into three groups each containing ten rats. Group I (control): ten rats were divided into the negative control was left untreated and the positive control was injected by castor oil, twice weekly/8 weeks. Group II (NA group): ten rats were injected by NA 5 mg/kg twice/week/8 weeks. Group III (recovery group): ten rats were injected by NA 5 mg/kg twice/week /8 weeks, then were left 12 weeks to evaluate recovery. At the end, the sinoatrial node were dissected out, and subjected to histological and immunohistochemical examination. Results: Examination of right atrial sections of NA injected group showed wide separation of sinoatrial node structure and disordered cell arrangement. P cell degeneration with increased cytoplasmic vacuoles was noted. Some cardiomyocytes exhibited degenerative changes including wavy sarcoplasm and fragmented pyknotic nuclei. After discontinuation of NA, the sinoatraial node did not regain its normal architecture. Mean area percentage % of collagen fiber deposition, SYN and iNOS immunoexpressing in NA injected group was significantly increased relative to control group which did not recovered after drug withdrawal. Conclusion: Use of NA caused serious changes in sinoatrial node tissue which will threaten life of their users especially the athletes. Thus, NA must be administered only under medical supervision.

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Pharmacotherapy in Cachexia: A Review of Endocrine Abnormalities and Steroid Pharmacotherapy

Cited by 5 publications

References 75 publications

Metabolomics‐driven discovery of therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia

Metabolomics‐driven discovery of therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia

The Incidence and Management of Cancer-Related Anorexia During Treatment with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Evaluation of Nandrolone Decanoate Effects on Sinoatrial Node in Experimental Rat Model (Histological and Immunohistochemical study)

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