Pharmacotherapy in Tobacco Cessation: A Narrative Review

Pajai, Devanjali D; Paul, Priyanka; Reche, Amit

doi:10.7759/cureus.35086

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Surveys also indicate many e-cigarette users eventually discontinue vaping as well. More research is needed on long-term trajectories of e-cigarette use and correlations with permanently quitting smoking (Pajai et al 2023). Given the limited long-term efficacy of existing approaches, investigation into the potential role of electronic cigarettes as cessation devices has intensified over the past decade.…”

Section: Smoking Cessationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting

Addissouky,

El Sayed,

Ali

et al. 2024

Bull Natl Res Cent

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Background Tobacco smoking remains a major preventable cause of disease and death worldwide. Combustible cigarettes release thousands of chemicals that can initiate inflammatory pathways leading to smoking-related illness. This review aims to synthesize current scientific knowledge on mechanisms of smoking-induced disease, epidemiological trends, and clinical strategies from recent literature. Main body of the abstract At the cellular level, cigarette smoke triggers oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing DNA damage. This provokes inflammatory signaling cascades mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), receptors like RAGE and TLRs, and downstream cytokines. Smoking also disrupts apoptosis and autophagy. In the lungs, oxidative stress and inflammation from smoking play central roles in COPD pathogenesis. Smoking-induced oxidative DNA damage, chronic inflammation, and impaired immunity combine to promote lung carcinogenesis. For cardiovascular disease, smoking triggers endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and atherogenesis through oxidized LDL and effects on nitric oxide and adhesion molecules. Short conclusion Given the unequivocal evidence of health risks, smoking cessation is critical to reducing preventable death and disability. Both counseling and pharmacotherapy have proven efficacy for quitting, but efficacy remains limited long-term. Emerging nicotine products like e-cigarettes have unknown impacts on cessation and population health. Comprehensive efforts encompassing prevention, screening, treatment innovation, harm reduction, and policy reform focused on curbing smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality are warranted.

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Section: Smoking Cessationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting

Addissouky,

El Sayed,

Ali

et al. 2024

Bull Natl Res Cent

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show abstract

“…2 The impact of public health policies has been increased by the development and implementation of diverse pharmacological therapies to support smoking cessation, including a variety of nicotine replacement products. 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-cigarette attitudes and behaviours amongst 15-30-year-olds in the UK

Pinho-Gomes

Santos

Jones

et al. 2023

Journal of Public Health

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Background The use of e-cigarettes has been rising in the UK, particularly by young people. This study investigated behaviours, attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes amongst 15–30-year-olds in the UK. Methods An online survey was administered to a sample of 1009 15–30-year-olds in the UK. Results About one in five participants currently used e-cigarettes at least monthly, with 1 in 10 using them daily. Amongst those using e-cigarettes at least monthly, 90% had used e-cigarettes containing nicotine. E-cigarettes were mainly obtained from vape shops and used at home. Having friends who used e-cigarettes and using them to help quit/reduce smoking were the most common reasons for vaping. About half of participants had been exposed to e-cigarette advertising, especially online, and warning labels on e-cigarettes. Most participants agreed that e-cigarettes are addictive (75%), help people quitting smoking (64%) and are bad for health (63%). Previous or current tobacco smokers were 9 and 22 times more likely to use e-cigarettes than never smokers, respectively. Perceiving e-cigarettes as harmful was associated with a 40% lower likelihood of use. Conclusion Raising awareness on the uncertain long-term consequences of vaping and regulation of marketing and sales are crucial to protect young people in the UK.

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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS): Recent Advances and Failure Modes

Ghaferi,

Alavi,

Phan

et al. 2024

Mol. Pharmaceutics

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), commonly refered to as "patches", present a nonintrusive technique to provide medication without the need for invasive procedures. These products adhere to the skin and gradually release a specific dosage of medicine at a defined rate into the bloodstream. Compared with other methods of drug delivery, TDDS offer benefits such as reduced invasiveness, convenience for patients, and avoidance of the metabolic processes that occur when drugs are orally consumed. Throughout time, TDDS have been used to provide medications for various medical conditions (such as nicotine, fentanyl, nitroglycerin, and clonidine), and their potential for delivering biologics is currently being explored. This review investigates the current literature on the drug delivery efficacy of medical TDDS through the transdermal route. Additionally, the review addresses potential risks and failure modes associated with TDDS design and development as well as strategies for mitigating such risks. A thorough understanding of failure modes provides a blueprint to mitigate failure and produce high-quality efficacious therapeutics.

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Pharmacotherapy in Tobacco Cessation: A Narrative Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting

Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting

E-cigarette attitudes and behaviours amongst 15-30-year-olds in the UK

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS): Recent Advances and Failure Modes

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