Pharmacotherapy of Anal Cancer

Rogers, Jane E.; Eng, Cathy

doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0792-3

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In anal squamous cell carcinoma, distant metastasis has been observed in 5% to 8% of cases at initial presentation and 10% to 20% of cases after curative local treatment [ 1 , 6 , 14 ]. The prognosis of patients with metastatic disease remains poor, with an estimated 5-year OS rate of only 13% [ 15 ] and a median OS of 8–12 months [ 16 – 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the rarity of metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma, evidence-based guidelines defining the optimal treatment are lacking. Nevertheless, for metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma, the NCCN guidelines recommend 5-FU + CDDP chemotherapy, which has been recommended for many years based on small cohort studies [ 14 , 20 ]. However, response rates to this regimen are low, and complete responses are rare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Rogers and Eng reported that taxanes are active components, with or without combination antineoplastics, in patients with metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stage IV anal canal squamous cell carcinoma with long-term survival: a case report

et al. 2022

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Background Currently, no established standard treatment exists for metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma. We report a case of complete response in a patient with stage IV anal squamous cell carcinoma after undergoing multidisciplinary treatment. Case presentation A 62-year-old woman visited a nearby doctor with a chief concern of severe pain associated with a firm mass in the anus. The patient was diagnosed with anal canal squamous cell carcinoma and liver metastases and referred to First Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Fukui for treatment. The patient received a TNM classification of T4N0M1 and stage IV. Rectal amputation was performed; however, postoperative complications hindered immediate anticancer therapy and the liver metastases exacerbated. Radiofrequency hyperthermia and systemic chemotherapy were performed 3 months postoperatively. A prominent reduction in the liver metastasis was observed. Lung metastases appeared during the course of systemic chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was performed to treat the lung lesion and resolved. Radiotherapy was also performed for liver metastasis. The lesion in the liver showed resolution after 54 months postoperatively, and treatment with the anticancer drug was discontinued. Ten-year follow-up findings suggested complete resolution of the lesion in response to the treatment protocol followed in this case. This long-term survival was achieved through a multidisciplinary treatment. Conclusions The present case suggests that multidisciplinary treatment approach is effective for resolving stage IV anal squamous cell carcinoma, and addition of new anticancer drug therapy may improve the overall prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stage IV anal canal squamous cell carcinoma with long-term survival: a case report

et al. 2022

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“…ecancer 2021, 15:1181; www.ecancer.org; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2021.1181 2 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of National Cancer Institute (SEER)-USA [3]. In Europe, nearly 2,000 men and 2,300 women are diagnosed each year [4].…”

Section: Clinical Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer of the anal canal, a reality in the Colombian coffee region. Clinical-epidemiological review 2000–2019

Mejia¹,

Jaramillo

2021

ecancer

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Introduction: Anal cancer is a rare pathology which has increased over the last few decades, and, therefore, gained importance for the quality of life of affected individuals. Thus, a review has been conducted in the Colombian coffee region (Departments of Caldas, Quindío y Risaralda) describing its behaviour and clinical-epidemiological profile. Materials and methods: Descriptive review of 437 patients of Western SAS Oncologists between January 2000 and December 2019 with a diagnosis of anal cancer. Results: 62% of cases presented in women with a median age of 62 years, 30% in the sixth decade; centred at 65% in three main cities designated as capitals (Manizales, Pereira and Armenia); 62% as localised disease, with 40% stage II-A and 6% as initial metastasis; 29% presented positive ganglia, particularly N1a; squamous cell or epidermoid histology in 90%; 16% poorly differentiated; 5% related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection; localisation in the medial area of the anal canal in 63% of cases; 83% completed treatment, and 92% of them received chemotherapy/radiation therapy with 87% based on the Nigro protocol; finally, 11% presented with relapse in the liver in 10% of cases and 55% local. Conclusion: Four hundred and thirty-seven patients evaluated over 20 years with follow up at median 34.13 months (standard deviation 41.75) with median survival at later ages decreasing to 62% in patients older than 80 years, and differences in survival in localised disease at 78% in comparison to 46% in advanced metastasis. Finally, the overall 5-year survival rate is 69% with a median survival of 191 months in the study.

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“…6 Common metastatic sites are the liver and lungs along with other sites including extra pelvic lymphadenopathy, peritoneum, and bone metastases. 1 , 7 As the incidence of SCAC rises, there is an increasing need for novel approaches. Given the rarity of metastatic disease, prospective trials have been limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastatic or Locally Recurrent Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCAC): Current Clinical Trial Landscape and Novel Approaches

Rogers¹,

Leung²,

Johnson³

2022

CMAR

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Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCAC) is a human papillomavirus (HPV) driven malignancy. Given inadequate HPV-vaccination rates, SCAC will continue to be a public health concern. SCAC is commonly diagnosed in the local or locoregional setting in which definitive chemoradiation provides the opportunity for cure and has high control rates. A minority of patients will develop recurrence or present with metastatic SCAC. Given the rarity of this disease, research has lagged compared to many other solid tumors. Historically, treatment has been based on extrapolating management approaches from more common squamous cell carcinoma malignancies and/or small case series or case reports. Fortunately, dedicated prospective clinical trial investigation in the advanced setting has emerged in recent years. Here, we review the current strategies for treatment along with remaining challenges and viable next steps for the management of metastatic SCAC.

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Pharmacotherapy of Anal Cancer

Cited by 6 publications

References 75 publications

Stage IV anal canal squamous cell carcinoma with long-term survival: a case report

Stage IV anal canal squamous cell carcinoma with long-term survival: a case report

Cancer of the anal canal, a reality in the Colombian coffee region. Clinical-epidemiological review 2000–2019

Metastatic or Locally Recurrent Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCAC): Current Clinical Trial Landscape and Novel Approaches

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