Pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia: Achievements and challenges during the last two decades with a focus on Taif University as a case study

Fathelrahman, Ahmed Ibrahim; Alrobaian, Majed; Altowayan, Waleed Mohammad; Maghrabi, Ibrahim A.; Asiri, Yousif A.

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.04.001

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It was recommended by the World Health Organization that pharmacists must spend at least 3 min with the patients to provide patient counseling and orientation [33] and this tends to impact the patient outcome directly [34]. It is not surprising that the community pharmacists from our study showed a positive, and best, approach towards patient counseling because the role of the community pharmacist in patient counseling and appropriate patient counseling skills are taught in almost every pharmacy school in Saudi Arabia [35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Patient Safety Culture in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia: A Survey among Community Pharmacies

Easwaran,

Almeleebia,

Mantargi

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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Measuring patient safety culture in the community pharmacy can help with identifying areas for development. The current study is a descriptive, cross-sectional, electronic survey conducted among pharmacists working in community pharmacies located in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. The community pharmacy version of the “Pharmacy Survey on Patient Safety Culture” (PSOPSC) was used to collect data. The positive response rate (PRR) was calculated as per the guidance provided by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Based on the PRR, two least-achieved items (<25%) were taken for further analysis to identify the possible predictors. A sum of 195 pharmacists were included in this study and most of them were working in chain pharmacies. The highest PRRs were observed with teamwork (94.99), and patient counseling (94.13), followed by physical space and environment (93.07). The lowest PRRs were observed with staffing, work pressure, and pace (47.70), followed by communication openness (72.60). Specific characteristics, such as experience and the number of working hours, are significantly related to a poor PRR. The current study results indicate that the scope for improving patient safety exists in various areas of community pharmacies. However, it is necessary to prioritize the need based on a positive response rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Patient Safety Culture in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia: A Survey among Community Pharmacies

Easwaran,

Almeleebia,

Mantargi

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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“…Furthermore, the PGx course has been integrated into the curricula of most colleges of pharmacy since 2007 in the USA as a required competency for pharmacy education accreditation. At the moment, there are more than twenty governmental pharmacy colleges and at least two private colleges in Saudi Arabia that offer PharmD programs [ 20 ]. An essential step forward would be to incorporate PGx into these PharmD programs’ curricula as a full course for an academic semester, which will provide PharmD graduates with the essential information about PGx testing beforehand performing it clinically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacists’ Knowledge, and Insights in Implementing Pharmacogenomics in Saudi Arabia

Alhaddad

AlMousa

Younis

2022

IJERPH

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Background: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) and personalized medicine embrace the potential to optimize drug treatment and improve the patient’s quality of life. Pharmacists’ roles include contributing to genetic testing, patient counseling, and pharmacotherapies selection for superior treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the pharmacists’ knowledge, insight, and self-confidence toward PGx testing, identify their future preferred education patterns, and determine the barriers to pharmacogenomic testing implementation. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a previously validated questionnaire among pharmacists working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The questionnaire was designed in seven major categories, consisting of 26 questions. Results: A total of 671 pharmacists participated in this survey. As for knowledge, only 29.8% of pharmacists had good knowledge regarding PGx, while 42.9% had poor knowledge levels. Respectable PGx knowledge was significantly higher among outpatient dispensing pharmacists (33.6%; p = 0.049) and among pharmacists who had completed PGx testing-related training or education (40.3%; p = 0.001). Considering perception, it was positive among 50% of pharmacists and negative among 19.8%. With regard to self-confidence, it was high among 39.2% of male pharmacists (p = 0.042), among 43% of clinical pharmacists (p = 0.006), and among 44.8% of pharmacists who had extra credentials (p = 0.001). The utmost favored continuing-education learning approaches were workshops or seminars. The barriers to the implementation of PGx testing included a lack of testing devices, clinical guidelines, training or education, and personnel. Conclusion: The present study revealed that pharmacists in KSA had inadequate knowledge and understanding of PGx. Nevertheless, the majority established that PGx is a valuable tool for augmenting drug efficacy and safety.

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“…Currently, most pharmacy schools in S.A. offer the Doctor of Pharmacy degree (PharmD) (5). This professional degree involves an intensive didactic scientific component paired with multi-level practical experiences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacy Faculty Provision of Direct Patient Care, Challenges, and Opportunities

Korayem,

Alqahtani,

Alsulaiman

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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BackgroundThe quadripartite mission of clinical track faculty members involves research, teaching, services, and direct patient care. However, the extent of faculty involvement in direct patient care remains a challenge. Thus, the study’s objective is to evaluate the effort spent on direct patient care by clinical faculty of pharmacy schools in Saudi Arabia (S.A.) and identify factors that hinder or facilitate providing direct patient care services.MethodsThis multi-institutional, cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted between July 2021 and March 2022 involved several pharmacy schools’ clinical pharmacy faculty members in S.A. The primary outcome was the percentage of time/effort spent on patient care services and other academic responsibilities. The secondary outcomes were the factors affecting the effort spent on direct patient care and the barriers preventing the provision of clinical services.ResultsA total of 44 faculty members took the survey. The percentage of effort spent on clinical education was highest at a median (IQR) of 37.5 (30, 50), followed by that spent on patient care [19 (10, 28.75)]. The percentages of effort spent on education and the length of academic experience were negatively associated with efforts spent on direct patient care. The most commonly reported barrier affecting fulfilling patient care duties was the lack of a clear practice policy (68%).ConclusionAlthough most clinical pharmacy faculty members were involved in direct patient care, half of them devoted only 20% or less of their time to it. An effective effort allocation for clinical faculty duties will require the development of a clinical faculty workload model that sets realistic expectations about the time spent on clinical and non-clinical duties.

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Pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia: Achievements and challenges during the last two decades with a focus on Taif University as a case study

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Patient Safety Culture in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia: A Survey among Community Pharmacies

Patient Safety Culture in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia: A Survey among Community Pharmacies

Pharmacists’ Knowledge, and Insights in Implementing Pharmacogenomics in Saudi Arabia

Clinical Pharmacy Faculty Provision of Direct Patient Care, Challenges, and Opportunities

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