Pharmacy ethical reasoning: a comparison of Australian pharmacists and interns

Hattingh, Laetitia; King, Michelle Annette; Hope, Denise L; George, Elizabeth Onyedikachi

doi:10.1007/s11096-019-00815-5

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Access to patient records by the CPs is regarded as facilitator for the practice change, however, this requires specific training of the pharmacists and other staff, and also guidelines for ethical handling of electronic patient records 56 . Access to record should be within privacy constraints and sensitivity is required in this context to avoid any breach 57 . Evidence has shown that follow-up of patient for medication management has positive outcome in terms of humanistic, economic and clinical outcomes 58 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of community pharmacists in Pakistan about practice change and implementation of extended pharmacy services: a mixed method study

et al. 2021

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Background: Community pharmacists' role in primary health care and patient-centered services beyond traditional dispensing services is well established in the developed countries, however, this role is not fully recognized in low-middle-income countries such as Pakistan.Objectives: To explore the perspectives of community pharmacists about the extended pharmacy services and the facilitators, preparedness, and barriers toward the practice change.Method: Two phased study involving mixed-method sequential design. The first phase involved qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the community pharmacists, while the second phase constituted a quantitative cross-sectional study.Results: For the first phase, pharmacists were purposively sampled interviewed. The thematic content analysis yielded four distinct themes; 1) current practices and familiarity with extended pharmacy services 2) practice gap between Pakistan and developed countries 3) facilitators and preparedness and 4) barriers toward the implementation and provision. The second phase was quantitative. The triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data identified barriers such as; shortage of pharmacists, lack of knowledge and skills, poor collaboration with general practitioners, failure of customers to pay for extended services. Facilitators and preparedness for the provision of EPS were found to be access to patient notes, follow-up, separate counseling areas, accreditation of specific services, and sufficient resources. Conclusion:Removal of barriers and recognition of facilitators and preparedness by community pharmacists for practice change and implementation of extended pharmacy services require attention by the government authorities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of community pharmacists in Pakistan about practice change and implementation of extended pharmacy services: a mixed method study

et al. 2021

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“…Several moral reasoning ability or situational judgment tests are available and are based on the scoring system [ 15 – 17 ]. However, they do not cover the holistic transition from student experiences in the university through to professional practice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Healthcare professionals dealing with patients in the frontline on daily basis in any healthcare setting are likely to face ethical issues in which they are required to make decisions based on their judgment Therefore, there is a paramount need for moral development for pharmacists and pharmacy students to practice their patient-centered profession that has the potential to expose them to moral and ethical issues daily [ 15 ]. Pharmacy curricula focus mainly on educational outcomes and less on the development of ethical reasoning in pharmacy students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situational judgment using ethical reasoning in Saudi undergraduate pharmacy students

Alkhuzaee

Ali²,

Goh

et al. 2022

BMC Med Ethics

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Introduction There is a paramount need for moral development for pharmacists and pharmacy students to practice the patient-centered profession. We aimed to explore the current situational judgment utilizing ethical reasoning among undergraduate pharmacy students. Methods A set of ten ethical dilemmas, representing potential real-life situations that the students come across in the university and may face in the future as a pharmacist were developed by a team of students, academic staff, and stakeholders. These ethical dilemmas were validated, checked for accuracy, and piloted. An online questionnaire was created consisting of these ten scenarios as open-ended questions and administered to fourth year and fifth year PharmD students in a public university located at the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, asking them how they would react in that situation. Responses of the participants were analyzed using thematic analysis independently by four researchers and inter-rater agreement were achieved through consensus. Results Out of 205, 186 students completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 90.7%. Analysis and resulted in the generation of 32 codes, which were then categorized into seven overarching themes: student engagement, social and professional responsibility, academic integrity, legal obligation, moral obligation, signposting, and moral engagement and patient safety. Conclusions Undergraduate pharmacy students experience complex state of mind in connection with ethical reasoning. The participants’ situational judgment were driven by cultural norm, authority, and responsibility. Student engagement is also affected by the state of mind and feelings of mutual trust, perceived cultural influence and peer pressure. The students were prone to seek help from university administrators or teachers when faced with situations in which they were helpless.

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“…Lack of experience has been found by Kadivar et al (2017) to negatively affect how paediatric residents address ethical dilemmas regarding information. A majority of dentists in a study conducted by Camoin et al (2018) claimed that they sometimes sacrificed ethical values (such as patient autonomy) in order to provide beneficial care to anxious children with intellectual disabilities and to address decision-making related challenges; while Australian pharmacists (Hattingh & King, 2019) claim that they generally avoid situations they perceive as requiring complex management. Many Japanese physicians believe that few problems result when they honestly tell cancer patients about their poor prognosis (Elwyn et al, 2002).…”

Section: Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do healthcare professionals respond to ethical challenges regarding information management? A review of empirical studies

2021

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Aim This study is a systematic review that aims to assess how healthcare professionals manage ethical challenges regarding information within the clinical context. Method and Materials We carried out searches in PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase, using two search strings; searches generated 665 hits. After screening, 47 articles relevant to the study aim were selected for review. Seven articles were identified through snowballing, and 18 others were included following a system update in PubMed, bringing the total number of articles reviewed to 72. We used a Q-sort technique for the analysis of identified articles. Findings This study reveals that healthcare professionals around the world generally employ (to varying degrees) four broad strategies to manage different types of challenges regarding information, which can be categorized as challenges related to confidentiality, communication, professional duty, and decision-making. The strategies employed for managing these challenges include resolution, consultation, stalling, and disclosure/concealment. Conclusion There are a variety of strategies which health professionals can adopt to address challenges regarding information management within the clinical context. This insight complements current efforts aimed at enhancing health professional-patient communication. Very few studies have researched the results of employing these various strategies. Future empirical studies are required to address this. Abbreviations CIOMS: Council of International Organization of Medical Sciences; WHO: World Health Organization; AMA: American Medical Association; WMA: World Medical Association; PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis; ISCO: International Standard Classification of Occupations; ILO: International Labour Office; SPSS: The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

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Pharmacy ethical reasoning: a comparison of Australian pharmacists and interns

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Perspectives of community pharmacists in Pakistan about practice change and implementation of extended pharmacy services: a mixed method study

Perspectives of community pharmacists in Pakistan about practice change and implementation of extended pharmacy services: a mixed method study

Situational judgment using ethical reasoning in Saudi undergraduate pharmacy students

How do healthcare professionals respond to ethical challenges regarding information management? A review of empirical studies

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