Pharmacy Refill Data are Poor Predictors of Virologic Treatment Outcomes in Adolescents with HIV in Botswana

Genn, Leah; Chapman, Jennifer; Okatch, Harriet; Abell, Neil; Marukutira, Tafireyi; Tshume, Ontibile; Anabwani, Gabriel; Gross, Robert; Lowenthal, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/s10461-018-2325-9

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Flag patients early for intervention [ 57 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Routine evaluation of engagement in patients in facility care [6,61,62,77,78] • Rationalize resources, such as expensive genotype [33,[79][80][81][82] or viral load [50,[82][83][84][85][86][87] testing and resources to trace those lost to follow-up [88] • Understanding the behaviour of people on ART [15,21,25,63,65, • Routine evaluation of engagement in patients in differentiated service delivery models [49,119] • Flag patients early for intervention [57,[120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129] • a At facility and population levels for quality improvement and strategic decision-making.…”

Section: Research To Draw Conclusion For Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring patient engagement with HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa: a scoping study

et al. 2022

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Introduction:Engagement with HIV care is a multi-dimensional, dynamic process, critical to maintaining successful treatment outcomes. However, measures of engagement are not standardized nor comprehensive. This undermines our understanding of the scope of challenges with engagement and whether interventions have an impact, complicating patient and programmelevel decision-making. This study identified and characterized measures of engagement to support more consistent and comprehensive evaluation. Methods: We conducted a scoping study to systematically categorize measures the health system could use to evaluate engagement with HIV care for those on antiretroviral treatment. Key terms were used to search literature databases (Embase, PsychINFO, Ovid Global-Health, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane and the World Health Organization Index Medicus), Google Scholar and stakeholder-identified manuscripts, ultimately including English evidence published from sub-Saharan Africa from 2014 to 2021. Measures were extracted, organized, then reviewed with key stakeholders. Results and discussion: We screened 14,885 titles/abstracts, included 118 full-texts and identified 110 measures of engagement, categorized into three engagement dimensions ("retention," "adherence" and "active self-management"), a combination category ("multi-dimensional engagement") and "treatment outcomes" category (e.g. viral load as an end-result reflecting that engagement occurred). Retention reflected status in care, continuity of attendance and visit timing. Adherence was assessed by a variety of measures categorized into primary (prescription not filled) and secondary measures (medication not taken as directed). Active self-management reflected involvement in care and self-management. Three overarching use cases were identified: research to make recommendations, routine monitoring for quality improvement and strategic decision-making and assessment of individual patients. Conclusions: Heterogeneity in conceptualizing engagement with HIV care is reflected by the broad range of measures identified and the lack of consensus on "gold-standard" indicators. This review organized metrics into five categories based on the dimensions of engagement; further work could identify a standardized, minimum set of measures useful for comprehensive evaluation of engagement for different use cases. In the interim, measurement of engagement could be advanced through the assessment of multiple categories for a more thorough evaluation, conducting sensitivity analyses with commonly used measures for more comparable outputs and using longitudinal measures to evaluate engagement patterns. This could improve research, programme evaluation and nuanced assessment of individual patient engagement in HIV care.

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“…Flag patients early for intervention [ 57 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research To Draw Conclusion For Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring patient engagement with HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa: a scoping study

et al. 2022

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“…As a country with most international cooperation, the United States has cooperation projects with African countries, especially in HIV research. It conducted a study with Botswana on the impact of pharmacy supplement data on the outcome of virology treatment for HIV-infected adolescents in Botswana ( 13 ). The United States also had joint projects related to AIDS research with Kenya and Zimbabwe ( 14 , 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A VOSviewer-Based Bibliometric Analysis of Prescription Refills

Lai

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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PurposePrescription refills are long-term prescriptions for chronic patients in stable status, which varies from country to country. A well-established prescription refill system is beneficial for chronic patients’ medication management and facilitates the efficacy of clinical care. Therefore, we carried out a bibliometric analysis to examine the development of this field.SummaryPublications on prescription refills from 1970 to 2021 were collected in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Search strategy TS = “prescri* refill*” OR “medi* refill*” OR “repeat prescri*” OR “repeat dispens*” OR TI = refill* was used for search. VOSviewer was applied to visualize the bibliometric analysis. A total of 319 publications were found in WoSCC. Study attention on prescription refills has shown a steady rise but is still low in recent years. The United States was the most productive country, which had the highest total citations, average citations per publication, and the highest H-index, and participated in international collaboration most frequently. The University of California system was the most productive institution. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs was the institution with the most citations, most average citation, and highest H-index. Sundell was the most productive author, and Steiner J. F. was the most influential author. “Adherence,” “medication,” and “therapy” were the most prominent keywords.ConclusionPublications on prescription refills have increased rapidly and continue to grow. The United States had the leading position in the area. It is recommended to pay closer attention to the latest hotspots, such as “Opioids,” “Surgery,” “Differentiated care,” and “HIV.”

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“…However, pill counting is subject to inaccuracies from sharing of medications, forgetting to bring pills to clinics, and intentional pill dumping, and therefore, has been poorly correlated with drug levels (27,28). Pharmacy refill records, which need to be comprehensive, systematically recorded, readily retrievable, and facilitated by a universal health care system, do not reliably correlate with viral suppression, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and adolescents (29)(30)(31)(32). Clinical attendance, especially timeliness of attendance, can be an indicator of selfreported medication adherence and immune function, but existing studies have not demonstrated reliable associations with HIV VL (33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Non-pharmacologic Measures Of Adherencementioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-care and Near Real-time Testing for Antiretroviral Adherence Monitoring to HIV Treatment and Prevention

et al. 2020

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Purpose of Review-In this report, we review the need for point-of-care (POC) or near realtime testing for antiretrovirals, progress in the field, evidence for guiding implementation of these tests globally, and future directions in objective antiretroviral therapy (ART) or pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence monitoring.Recent Findings-Two cornerstones to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic are ART, which provides individual clinical benefits and eliminates forward transmission, and PrEP, which prevents HIV acquisition with high effectiveness. Maximizing the individual and public health benefits of these powerful biomedical tools requires high and sustained antiretroviral adherence. Routine monitoring of medication adherence in individuals receiving ART and PrEP may be an important component in interpreting outcomes and supporting optimal adherence. Existing practices and subjective metrics for adherence monitoring are often inaccurate or unreliable, and therefore, are generally ineffective for improving adherence. Laboratory measures of antiretroviral

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Pharmacy Refill Data are Poor Predictors of Virologic Treatment Outcomes in Adolescents with HIV in Botswana

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Measuring patient engagement with HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa: a scoping study

Measuring patient engagement with HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa: a scoping study

A VOSviewer-Based Bibliometric Analysis of Prescription Refills

Point-of-care and Near Real-time Testing for Antiretroviral Adherence Monitoring to HIV Treatment and Prevention

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